AP CSP #21-26

An application program interface (API) provides a procedure Max, which returns the greater of its two integer arguments. A programmer would like to find the greatest of three integer values a, b, and c. Which of the following expressions will produce the desired result in every case?

• Max (Max (a, b), c)

• Max (a, b) - Max (b, c)

• Max (a, b) + Max (b, c) – Max (a, c)

• (Max (a, b) + Max (b, c)) / 2

The following question uses a robot in a grid of squares. The robot is represented by a triangle, which is initially facing right. Which of the following code segments will move the robot to the gray square?

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A student is creating a procedure to determine whether the weather for a particular month was considered very hot. The procedure takes as input a list containing daily high temperatures for a particular month. The procedure is intended to return true if the daily high temperature was at least 90 degrees for a majority of days in the month and return false otherwise. Which of the following can be used to replace <MISSING CODE> so that the procedure works as intended?

• counter < 0.5 * total

• counter > 0.5 * total

• total < 0.5 * counter

• total > 0.5 * counter

The following figures represent different ways of configuring a network of physically linked computers labeled P, Q, R, and S. A line between two computers indicates that the computers can communicate directly with each other. In which configuration is it NOT possible to have redundant routing between computers P and S?

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Byte pair encoding is a data encoding technique. The encoding algorithm looks for pairs of characters that appear in the string more than once and replaces each instance of that pair with a corresponding character that does not appear in the string. The algorithm saves a list containing the mapping of character pairs to their corresponding replacement characters.

For example, the string "THIS_IS_THE_BEST_WISH" can be encoded as "%#_#_%E_BEST_W#H" by replacing all instances of "TH" with "%" and replacing all instances of "IS" with "#".

Which of the following statements about byte pair encoding is true?

• Byte pair encoding is an example of a lossy transformation because it discards some of the data in the original string.

• Byte pair encoding is an example of a lossy transformation because some pairs of characters are replaced by a single character.

• Byte pair encoding is an example of a lossless transformation because an encoded string can be restored to its original version.

• Byte pair encoding is an example of a lossless transformation because it can be used to transmit messages securely.

Byte pair encoding is a data encoding technique. The encoding algorithm looks for pairs of characters that appear in the string more than once and replaces each instance of that pair with a corresponding character that does not appear in the string. The algorithm saves a list containing the mapping of character pairs to their corresponding replacement characters.

For example, the string "THIS_IS_THE_BEST_WISH" can be encoded as "%#_#_%E_BEST_W#H" by replacing all instances of "TH" with "%" and replacing all instances of "IS" with "#".

For which of the following strings is it NOT possible to use byte pair encoding to shorten the string’s length?

• "BANANA"

• "LEVEL_UP"

• "MEET_ME_LATER"

• "NEITHER_HERE_NOR_THERE"