Living Environment Part D Regents Questions

The extremes of dry and wet weather of the Galapagos Islands cause the food supply to constantly change. During dry years, the food is mainly large, hard seeds, and finches with large beaks are found in greater numbers.

Which statement best explains this observation?

• (1) Dry environments cause mutations in finches.

• (2) Finches grow larger when they have more water.

• (3) Small finches become smaller during dry seasons.

• (4) Large beak size is an adaptation to dry conditions.

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The parents of a new baby believe they brought the wrong child home from the hospital. Gel electrophoresis was performed using DNA samples from the parents and the child. A section of the gel electrophoresis results is shown below.

Which conclusion is valid based on the gel electrophoresis results?

• (1) They have the correct child, because her genetic information is identical to that of the father.

• (2) They have the wrong child, because her genetic information does not match that of either parent.

• (3) They have the correct child, because her genetic information came from both parents.

• (4) They have the wrong child, because her genetic information matches only that of the mother

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Which statement best describes a relationship between the common ancestor and the other organisms in the diagram?

• (1) The common ancestor most likely has segments of its DNA that will match each of the other organisms’.

• (2) The common ancestor is more closely related to macaques than to gibbons.

• (3) Orangutans and gorillas have exactly the same DNA as the common ancestor.

• (4) Chimps and baboons were the first organisms to evolve from the common ancestor

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4 A line representing an organism that is closely related to leaf monkeys and that evolved at about the same time as the gibbons would be drawn beginning at point

• A

• B

• C

• D

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In an experiment to determine the effect of exercise on pulse rate, a student checks his pulse rate before and after exercising for several minutes. The purpose of checking his pulse rate before exercising is that it

• (1) serves as the conclusion for the experiment

• (2) is needed to justify the sample size

• (3) serves as a control for the experiment

• (4) is needed to formulate a hypothesis

What is the advantage of a change in pulse rate after exercising?

• (1) The heart needs to produce more energy to supply the active muscle cells and maintain homeostasis.

• (2) An increased blood flow carries excess waste products away from the active muscle cells.

• (3) The blood is removing oxygen from muscle cells that were not active and carrying it to muscle cells that are active.

• (4) The blood is supplying the active muscle cells with carbon dioxide to neutralize wastes in those cells.

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DNA samples can be separated according to size using the technique of

• chromatography

• electrophoresis

• replication

• dissection

Plant proteins of different colors can be separated using the technique of

• chromatography

• electrophoresis

• replication

• dissection

Which species of finch has an edge-crushing bill that can also probe into plants for food?

• (1) cactus finch

• (2) sharp-billed ground finch

• (3) warbler finch

• (4) large ground finch

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One finch that would most likely compete with the warbler finch for food is the

• (1) woodpecker finch

• (2) cactus finch

• (3) sharp-billed ground finch

• (4) vegetarian finch

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