Biology Blitz Category 2

Differences in traits such as hair texture are determined by differences in —

• the location of sugar groups in DNA

• the sequence of nucleotides in DNA

• the number of nitrogenous bases in DNA

• the molecules attached to the phosphate in DNA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Researchers combined sequences of fruit-fly DNA from a gene for a particular trait with frog DNA. The mixture was heated to separate the DNA strands. Cooling allowed the single strands to form pairs. The researchers observed that some of the fruit-fly DNA paired with frog DNA. The results provide evidence that —

• similar nucleotides are present in both fruit-fly and frog DNA

• fruit flies and frogs can be made to develop some of the same physical traits

• heat can cause mutations in the DNA sequences of organisms

• the replication of genetic material can occur at any temperature

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

In gel electrophoresis a DNA sample from an unknown donor is placed in a small well at one end of a special gel-coated plate. Samples from known donors are placed in other wells on the plate. An electric current is passed through the plate, causing the DNA fragments to separate. The size and location of the separated fragments can be compared for similarities. The more similar the locations and sizes of the fragments, the more closely the donors of the samples are related. The diagram shows four samples being compared with an unknown sample. The donor of which sample is most closely related to the donor of the unknown sample?

• Sample 1

• Sample 2

• Sample 3

• Sample 4

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Which diagram demonstrates how crossing-over contributes to genetic variety during meiosis?

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Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A model of a biological process is shown. What is the purpose of this process?

• To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division

• To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template

• To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code

• To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A student used poster board to construct this model of a section of DNA. Which statement describes this model of DNA?

• The model is inaccurate because the base pairs are incorrect.

• The model is accurate because it contains correctly paired bases.

• The model is accurate because it shows each base splitting to form a double helix.

• The model is inaccurate because some typical bases in DNA are missing.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The arctic fox inhabits northern areas of North America. The same arctic fox is shown in the drawing at different times of the year. What causes this change in fur color?

• The alleles for fur color change as the arctic fox grows older.

• Gene expression for fur color is regulated by latitude.

• The arctic fox has two traits for fur color that are determined at birth.

• Gene expression for fur color is regulated by temperature.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-6

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA

• AATCATGGA
• TTAGTACCT
• UUAGUACCU
• GGATAUCUA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which of the following best explains the universal nature of the genetic code?

• All genetic coding is based on the same components: thymine, cytosine, adenine, and guanine.
• All organisms have the same number of genes in each of their paired strands of chromosomes.
• A mutation that appears in the genetic code of one organism will eventually spread to all living things.
• Genes coding for specific adaptations are always found in the same location—in the chromosome of all organisms.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A segment of DNA is represented in the illustration.
How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?

• As a sequence of nucleotides
• In the double-helix shape of the condensed chromosome
• In the ratio of adenines to thymines
• As a pattern of phosphates and sugars

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1