Evolution (Part 1)

Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as

• vestigial structures
• analogous structures
• homologous structures
• fossil structures

This type of evidence compares embryos of various organisms to show a common ancestor because of similarities in development.

• molecular evidence

• comparative embryology

• speciation

• fossil record

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure, (an anatomical feature that no longer seems to have a purpose in the current form of an organism, but perhaps is it did have a purpose in its evolutionary past) ?

• the wings of a red-tailed hawk

• the hind limbs of a house cat

• the fins of sharks

• small leg bones in a snake

Two organisms that are closely related would have

• very similar DNA sequence
• exactly the same DNA sequences
• no proteins in common
• completely different DNA sequence

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Which layer is the youngest?

• B

• A

• E

• C

The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?

• Fossil A and C are the same age
  
• Fossil B is older than fossil C
• Fossils A is older than fossil B
• Fossil D is older than fossil C

Which best describes these fossils?

• The oldest fossils can be found on the lower layers
• The oldest fossils can be found at the top layers
• The youngest fossils are always found on the bottom layers
• You can not tell the age of any of these fossils

If species A and B have very similar DNA and proteins, what is probably TRUE?

• species A and B share a relatively recent common ancestor
• species A evolved independently of species B for a long period
• species A is younger than species B
• species A is older than species B

A fossil of an extinct dinosaur is found and the anatomy of the fossil shows similarities to that of a bird. What could this mean?

• This is purely by chance and isn't significant
• The extinct dinosaur and modern bird share a common ancestor
• All dinosaurs evolved into birds and that's why there aren't any dinosaurs alive today
• Dinosaurs choose to fly, and evolved into birds to escape predation and capture food

What is this an example of?

• Homologous structure

• Analogous structure

• Vestigial organs

• Functional adaption