Ecology

Based on the chart identify which of these events would affect the Georgia Black Bear population the MOST.

• unable to tell

• introduction of the bald eagle

• damming lakes and rivers

• large scale forest fire

Clownfish have evolved resistance to the deadly stings of sea anemones. The sea anemone provides protection for the clownfish from predators and leaves the uneaten remains of its prey for the clownfish to finish off. Meanwhile the clownfish helps attract prey to the sea anemone with its bright colors.The relationship between clownfish and sea anemones is a form of symbiosis called __________.

• predation

• commensalism

• mutualism

• competition

Guide to food chain (top to bottom): osprey, pike, perch, smelt, freshwater shrimp. Which population would show the quickest increase if perch were eliminated from the food chain ?

• pike

• osprey

• freshwater shrimp

• smelt

What is the BEST description of the difference between predation and parasitism?

• Parasites feed slowly, and kill their victim slowly, but intentionally, while predators quickly kill their prey and eat their fill.

• Predators typically kill their victim, while parasites mostly want to keep the victim alive for continued resources.

• Predators are always larger than their victims, while parasites are always smaller than their victims.

• Predation and parasitism are largely the same.

Which example illustrates commensalism and NOT mutualism?

• Hippo dung (feces) is eaten by a large species of catfish native to African lakes. The catfish typically follow the hippo herds.

• Cattle have protozoa living in their gut that digest cellulose. The cows are able to feed on grass, while the protozoa are sheltered inside the cow.

• Oxpeckers remove parasitic fly larvae from the skin of buffalo. In exchange, they are protected from predatory cats, who will not challenge a buffalo.

• Ants 'farm' aphid insects like cattle. Aphids suck the sap out of trees, which ants also feed on. In turn, the ants sting predators that attack the aphids.

Consider the food chain:

Plants → minnows → bass →bears

What would MOST LIKELY happen if the bass started to disappear because too many of them had been caught during fishing season?

• The number of bear will increase.

• The number of minnows would increase.

• The number of minnows would decrease.

• The plant population will increase.

The graph shows the populations of wolves and mountain lions in five different counties in Montana. Wolves and mountain lions compete for the same kinds of food resources. In Clay county,

• mountain lions and wolves survive independent of each other.

• mountain lions and wolves have a mutualistic relationship.

• mountain lions depend on wolves to survive.

• mountain lions probably outcompete wolves for food.

Look at the diagram of the food web. The arrows means “eaten by.”

What will happen if the number of snakes goes down?

• The number of mice and grasshoppers will go up.

• The hawk and owl will have less food.

• The number of frogs will go down.

• The owl will eat the grass.

Which are producers? algae, birds, cows, earthworms, fungi, grass, humans, mushrooms, trees

• algae, cows, and earthworms

• algae, grass and trees

• grass, earthworms, and trees

• grass, cows, and trees

Which are consumers? algae, birds, cows, earthworms, fungi, grass, humans, mushrooms, trees

• birds, cows, and humans

• birds, earthworms, and humans

• grass, birds, and cows

• trees, cows, and humans