APUSH Time Period 1 1491-1607

The Indian peoples of the Americas

• developed no advanced forms of civilization.

• migrated by boat from the South Pacific region about 10,000 B.C.

• were under the control of the two large empires of the Incas and the Aztecs.

• were divided into many diverse cultures speaking more than two thousand different languages.

Which of the following was not among the ancient Native cultures established in North America prior to 1300 A.D.?

• The Incas

• The Pueblos

• The Comanche

• The Mississippian culture (Cahokia)

Even before the discovery of the Americas, Portugal became the first nation to enter the slave trade and establish large-scale plantations using slave labor in

• West Africa.

• the Mediterranean islands of Sardinia and Sicily.

• the West Indies.

• the sugar islands off the coast of Africa.

One major impact of maize cultivation in Mesoamerica was

• a stable food supply that allowed for growth of civilization

• the disappearance of the Mayan civilization

• reduced conflict between formerly nomadic tribes

• increased reliance on livestock to work the land

Maize cultivation began in

• present-day Mexico

• the Great Plains and Great Basin

• present day American Southwest

• the Mississippi River Valley

The crops most commonly grown by Native Americans, also called the “Three Sisters,” include all of the following except

• Corn (maize)

• Beans

• Squash

• Wheat

In the view of the encomienda system, Native Americans were seen primarily as...

• a source of labor
• a group to be protected
• a focus of evangelization
• outcasts to be excluded from Spanish settlement

As Spanish labor demands grew, the labor source for imperial production transitioned to

• Spanish peasants

• indentured servants

• Native Americans

• African slaves

Spanish friar who argued for the protection of Native Americans under Spanish control.

• Bartolome de las Casas

• Juan Sepulveda

• Vasco de Gama

• Francisco Pizarro

One significant impact of the Columbian Exchange on the Old World was...

• the growth of the food supply and subsequent population increase

• the introduction of slavery as a significant source of labor for European landowners

• the widespread devastation of new diseases among the poor

• a draining of capital from the royal families and a shift of wealth to the hands of the merchant class