The Scientific Revolution popularized the idea that

• understanding is the result of observation and experimentation

• Earth is the center of the solar system

• church doctrine should be the source of new ideas

• scientific research should be supervised by political authorities

Which statement best expresses the ideas of the Scientific Revolution?

• Religious authorities are responsible for understanding and interpreting new information.

• Superstition and magic are important aspects of the natural world.

• Scientific ideas should be made to conform with existing thought systems.

• People should use reason and experimentation to draw scientific conclusions.

The idea that all people are born with the natural rights of life, liberty, and property is most directly associated with the writings of

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Thomas Hobbes

• Jacques-Benigne Bossuet

• John Locke

What influence did the Scientific Revolution have on the Enlightenment in Europe?

• Natural laws were used to explain human affairs.

• Economic growth was slowed by the lack of useable technology.

• Scientific truths were used to justify absolute monarchies.

• The emphasis on religious doctrine led to the rejection of scientific ideas.

The heliocentric model of the universe developed by Copernicus and Galileo was considered heresy during their lives because it

• linked astronomy to the teachings of Muhammad

• supported the world view of the ancient Greeks

• challenged the secular power of absolute monarchs

• conflicted with the official doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the heliocentric theory became the centerpiece for debate between

• capitalism and communism

• science and religion

• colonialism and nationalism

• isolationism and globalism

In which way did the ideas of the Enlightenment influence the French Revolution?

• Superstition and ignorance were promoted.

• The principles of mercantilism were glorified.

• The divine right theory of kings was challenged.

• Punishments for criminal acts were rooted in vengeance.

Which individual suggested the idea that if a government fails to protect its people’s natural rights of life, liberty, and property, the people have the right to overthrow it?

• Karl Marx

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Niccolo Machiavelli

One scientific belief held by both René Descartes and Isaac Newton is that

• reasoned thought is the way to discover truth

• new theories should be made to fit existing traditional ideas

• the method by which discoveries are made is unimportant

• difficult problems should be solved by reading religious texts

The ideas of Enlightenment philosophers were based on

• efforts to achieve salvation

• faith in human reason

• traditional practices

• the inevitability of poverty