Ch. 4 Origin of Modern Astronomy

The true shape of planetary orbits was discovered by

• Brahe

• Newton

• Galileo

• Kepler

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According to the ancients, the stars traveled around Earth on the transparent, hallow

• celestial sphere.

• solar orbit.

• ellipse.

• equatorial plane.

According to the third law of planetary motion, the period of revolution of a planet is related to the planet's

• gravitational attraction.

• orbital speed.

• size.

• distance from the sun.

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Which scientist determined the nature of the forces that keep the planets in their orbits?

• Brahe

• Galileo

• Newton

• Copernicus

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The geocentric model of the universe stated that

• Earth was the center of the universe.

• Earth revolved around the celestial sphere.

• The sun was the center of the universe.

• Earth was a "wanderer".

What did Aristotle and Plato use to determine the structure of the universe?

• epicycles

• telescopes

• reasoning

• instrumentation

The first astronomer to propose a sun-centered solar system was

• Brahe.

• Copernicus.

• Newton.

• Galileo.

Which astronomer spent 20 years plotting the positions of the planets?

• Galileo

• Kepler

• Newton

• Brahe

A measure of the total amount of matter an object contains is called

• weight.

• mass.

• volume.

• density.

Earth is closest to the sun at a point called

• precession.

• apogee.

• aphelion.

• perihelion.