Psych Chapter 9

A child falls off his bike while trying to ride down a steep ramp and cuts his chin. A few days later, the boy cautiously but successfully rides down the ramp. Later, when trying the ramp again, he suddenly panics. His fear reaction has made a(n)

• extinct response

• generalization

• conditioned response

• spontaneous recovery

A young girl was bitten by the neighbor's poodle. Before the event, she always enjoyed playing with dogs. Now she has become fearful of all dogs. She has

• discriminated against the poodle

• generalized her fear

• developed an aversion to dogs

• extinguished her love of dogs

You were frightened at a movie while a certain song was playing in the background. The next week you hear the song on the radio. Your heart races. The music has become a(n)

• conditioned stimulus

• unconditioned stimulus

• conditioned response

• unconditioned response

Your parents ask you to pick up groceries for the family. One item is peanut butter. You select the brand that you really like, even though other brands are less expensive. Your selection is based on

• discrimination

• generalization

• preconditioning

• taste aversion

You order a pepperoni and mushroom pizza. The pizza arrives with pepperoni, olives, and mushrooms. You eat the pizza without removing the olives. Later you go to a movie and have popcorn as usual. You later feel sick to your stomach. What item are you most likely to blame for your illness?

• popcorn

• pizza

• olives

• soft drink

Which of the following is a reinforcement schedule that results in consistently high productivity?

• fixed-ratio schedule

• variable-ratio schedule

• fixed-chain schedule

• variable-chain schedule

Examples of primary reinforcers for humans include

• money, food, and clothing

• prestige, social approval, and power

• money, clothing, and social approval

• food, clothing, and rest periods

You have a job in a retail store at a mall. You are paid every Friday for the previous week's work. Your pay schedule is a

• fixed-ratio

• fixed-interval

• variable-chain

• variable-interval

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of punishment?

• It does change behavior

• It can produce unwanted side effects

• It may cause fear of the punisher

• It may suppress but not change inappropriate behavior

Operant conditioning focuses on how reinforcement affects

• involuntary behavior

• voluntary behavior

• reinforced behavior

• variable behavior