Psychology Chapter Six Practice Quiz

Which of the following statements about learning is TRUE?

• Habituation is a form of learning, but they aren't the same thing.

• It can occur without having an experience.

• It does not involve changes in behavior.

• It does not involve changes in thinking.

Mitzi and her husband went out for a nice dinner, where Mitzi ordered a Diet Coke with her meal. When her drink was served, she took one sip and made a disgusted face. "That's not Diet Coke," Mitzi said with an irritated look. "That's DIet Pepsi." Mitzi's ability to distinguish one soda from another demonstrates ____________.

• higher-order stimulation

• stimulus discrimination

• stimulus generalization

• stimulus overlap

Concerning the treatment of phobias using classical conditioning, it is TRUE that persons fearful of flying will ___________.

• first need to address their childhood conflicts that are contributing to this phobia in order to eliminate this fear of flying

• first need to address the unresolved conflicts that are contributing to this phobia in order to eliminate the fear of flying

• need to associate flying with something pleasurable to reduce this fear

• need to avoid flying as a way to reduce this fear

Thorndike's law of effect is most closely associated with which operant conditioning principle?

• negative reinforcement

• positive reinforcement

• Premack principle

• punishment

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

• allowing students homework passes if they work hard during class

• giving a child candy for completing their homework

• removing a child's chores when he or she completes homework

• taking away privileges if a child does not follow classroom rules

The situation of a student's final grade improving one letter grade for every three books read represents which schedule of reinforcement?

• fixed interval

• fixed ratio

• variable interval

• variable ratio

An animal trainer is trying to teach a lion to perform tricks for a circus. First, the lion is given food if he sits quietly on a chair. Next, the lion is given food if he raises one paw. Finally, the lion is given more food if he gives the trainer a "high-five." In this example, the lion is being trained by __________.

• negative reinforcement

• generalization

• punishment

• shaping

Which of the following describes the main difference between observational learning and operant conditioning?

• Observational learning uses mainly punishment to condition behavior, as compared to operant conditioning, which uses both reinforcement and punishment.

• Observational learning uses mainly reinforcement to condition behavior, as compared to operant conditioning, which uses both reinforcement and punishment.

• Observational learning uses different schedules of punishment and reinforcement to condition behaviors, as compared to operant conditioning.

• Observational learning uses punishment and reinforcement of models to condition the behaviors of observers.

Who is best known for studying the phenomenon of insight in animals?

• Wolfgang Kohler

• E. L. Thorndike

• Albert Bandura

• Edward Tolman

Which theorist is responsible for suggesting that the distribution of phobias in the human population can be explained by biological preparedness?

• Breland

• Garcia

• Seligman

• Tolman