Ecology Midterm Review #1

Groups of different species that live together in a defined area make up a(an)

• population

• community

• ecosystem

• biosphere

Autotrophs are organisms that

• rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply.

• consume plant and animal remains and other dead matter.

• use energy they take in from the environment to convert inorganic molecules into complex organic molecules.

• obtain energy by eating only plants.

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When an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that either is scarce or cycles very slowly, this substance is called a(an)

• nitrogen compound

• organic phosphate

• biogeochemical cycle

• limiting nutrient

The average, year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation within a particular region are its

• weather

• climate

• greenhouse effect

• biotic factors

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Examples of biotic components of a pond include:

• water

• fish

• algae

• pH

• amount of sunlight

A type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed is called

• mutualism

• parasitism

• commensalism

• succession

A form of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit is called

• mutualism

• parasitism

• commensalism

• predation

A type of symbiosis in which one organism is helped and another organism is neither helped nor hurt is called

• mutualism

• parasitism

• competition

• commensalism

Natural disturbances, such as fire or hurricanes, can result in

• primary succession

• competition

• parasitism

• secondary succession

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Coral reefs are made out of 2 closely associated species: coral polyp which is an animal that consumes zooplankton and uses sugars made by the algae zooxanthellae through photosynthesis. This is an example of of:

• mutualism

• parasitism

• competition

• commensalism

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