Petrochemical catalysts #4

What does catalytic hydrogenation mean?

• Addition of a pair of hydrogen atoms to an alkene or alkyne molecule in the presence of a catalyst

• Addition of a pair of oxygen atoms to an alkene or alkyne molecule in the presence of a catalyst

• Removal of a pair of hydrogen atoms to an alkene or alkyne molecule in the presence of a catalyst

• Removal of a pair of oxygen atoms to an alkene or alkyne molecule in the presence of a catalyst

What are the typical catalysts used in catalytic hydrogenation?

• Nickel, palladium and nitrogen

• Carbon, nitrogen and nickel

• Palladium, platinum and nickel

• Nickel, sulfur and palladium

Which type of catalyst is more common for hydrogenation process in industries?

• Homogeneous

• Heterogeneous

Which of these process flow is in the correct order when catalytic hydrogenation happens?

• Activation of catalyst - Adsorption - Hydrogenation - Catalyst recycled - Desorption

• Activation of catalyst - Adsorption - Hydrogenation - Desorption - Catalyst recycled

• Adsorption - Activation of catalyst - Hydrogenation - Desorption - Catalyst recycled

• Adsorption - Activation of catalyst - Hydrogenation - Catalyst recycled - Desorption

Why are heterogeneous catalysts for hydrogenation more common industrially than homogeneous? (Hint: think of the phase of the catalysts and the reactants)

• They are cheaper

• They are easily to obtain

• They are easier to separate

• They are recyclable

Hydrotreating is used to remove impurities like heteroatoms to produce high quality fuels for transportation. What gas does this process require?

• Sulfur

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

• Hydrogen

Why are compounds containing NOS and metals in petroleum products undesirable? Choose ALL of the correct answers

• They are expensive

• They reduce fuel stability

• They damage the engines

• They contribute to the emission of pollutants in the air

Hydrocracking is a process combining ___________ and ___________ in the presence of hydrogen and catalyst.

• Catalytic cracking and hydrogenation

• Catalytic cracking and hydrotreating

• Catalytic hydrogenation and hydrotreating

• Catalytic hydrogenation and cracking

The composition of the hydrocracking catalyst contains two parts. Which parts of the catalyst promote cracking activity?

• Silica-alumina portion

• Rare-earth metals portion

In hydro-desulfurisation, ethanethiol is treated with hydrogen to remove sulfur. What poisonous sulfur gas came out as the product?

• HS

• H₂S

• H₃S

• H₄S