Unit 4 (Molecular Genetics) Review

A mutation in a strand of mRNA results in a premature stop codon in the middle of the sequence. Which best describes the result of this type of mutation?

• The resulting protein translated from this sequence will be too short and will not function properly.

• The resulting protein translated from this sequence will be too long and will not function properly.

• There will be no effect. Mutations only matter if the mistake is in the tRNA sequence.

• There will be no effect. Mutations only matter if the mistake is in the DNA sequence.

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The diagram shows a cellular process in which a double-stranded molecule of nucleic acid gives rise to a single-stranded molecule of nucleic acid. Which best describes the process shown?

• DNA is transcribed into RNA.

• RNA is transcribed into DNA.

• DNA is translated into RNA.

• RNA is translated into DNA.

A molecule is observed traveling to the ribosome where it undergoes a change by releasing an attached subunit. Which may best describe this molecule?

• DNA

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

The overall roles of DNA and RNA are illustrated. Which process is represented at Point 3?

• transcription

• replication

• translation

• mutation

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Which is the greatest consequence of transcription being blocked in the nucleus?

• The DNA would not be copied into RNA.

• The RNA would not be copied into DNA.

• The mRNA would not be transferred to rRNA.

• The protein would not be assembled in the cytoplasm.

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This is a diagram of a DNA molecule. Which type of bond, denoted by the arrows, allows DNA to be readily replicated?

• ionic bond

• peptide bond

• covalent bond

• hydrogen bond

Which most directly affects the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

• the DNA in the nucleus of the cell

• the amino acids found in the cytoplasm

• the type of cell in which the protein is made

• the region of the cell in which the protein is made

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How are all living organisms similar?

• They are made of cells with the same types of organelles.

• They contain the same types of tissues to carry out life functions.

• They use the same proteins and amino acids to carry out life processes.

• They contain the same four nitrogen bases which code for specific proteins.

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What is the significance of the sequence of nucleotides in DNA in a cell’s nucleus?

• It codes for specific fatty acids that link together to form lipids.

• It codes for specific starches that link together to form organelles.

• It codes for specific amino acids that link together to form proteins.

• It codes for specific monosaccharides that link together to form carbohydrates.

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This is an mRNA codon chart. An organism has the DNA sequence TAC TGC CCA ATA. Why is it possible for a different organism with the DNA sequence TAC TGT CCG ATG to produce the same protein?

• because the DNA sequence for both organisms is the same length

• because more than one codon codes for the same amino acid sequence

• because the first base in each codon determines the amino acid sequence

• because the mRNA sequence for both organisms contains the same bases

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