AP Biology: Cellular Energetics

A researcher proposes a model of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in which a reactant is converted to a product. The model is based on the idea that the reactant passes through a transition state within the enzyme-substrate complex before the reactant is converted to the product.

Which of the following statements best helps explain how the enzyme speeds up the reaction?

• The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes the reactant, which decreases the free-energy change of the reaction.

• The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes the transition state, which decreases the activation energy of the reaction.

• The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes the product, which increases the amount of energy released by the reaction.

• The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes both the reactant and the product at the same time, which increases the reaction’s equilibrium constant.

Enzymes are made up of these repeating monomers.

• monosaccharides
• amino acids
• nucleotides
• phospholipids

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The part of the enzyme that the substrate bonds to is called the _____.

• active site
• activation energy
• bond site
• peptide bond

If a mutation occurs in a DNA sequence that codes for an enzyme, what is the most likely result?

• There will likely be no change in the shape and function of the enzyme.

• The enzyme will most likely fold in a way that makes its shape incompatible with the substrate and the enzyme will not function correctly.

• The enzyme will not be produced at all.

• The enzyme will have an enhanced ability to bind with the substrate.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

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What is structure A?

• Substrate
• Active site
• Enzyme
• Products

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Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?

• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
  
• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
  
• The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
  
• The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
  

Which of these is NOT true?

• Enzymes can denature (change shape) when the temperature gets too high.
• Enzymes can only be used once in a chemical reaction. 
• Extreme pH can denature enzymes.
• Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. 

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Which of the following correctly describes enzyme structure and function?

• The shape of an enzyme is responsible for its function.

• All enzymes can bind to all substrates.

• The substrate is responsible for the shape of the enzyme.

• The location of an enzyme determines its function.

The induced fit model of enzyme activity is best described by which of the following?

• the binding of substrate depends on the conformation of the active site

• the binding of an activator alters the active site to enable binding of products more tightly

• binding of substrate changes the conformation of the active site to bind substrate more tightly

• binging of competitive inhibitors changes the shape of the active site to bind substrate less tightly

What was the substrate in our enzyme lab?

• Hydrogen peroxide

• Catalase

• The potato

• Oxygen gas