Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiovascular system?

• Heart

• Lungs

• Venules

• Plasma

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as:

• the removal of adequate amounts of carbon dioxide during exhalation.

• the intake of adequate amounts of oxygen during the inhalation phase.

• circulation of blood within an organ with sufficient amounts of oxygen.

• the production of carbon dioxide, which accumulates at the cellular level.

A man involved in a motorcycle crash has multiple abrasions and lacerations. Which of the following injuries has the HIGHEST treatment priority?

• Widespread abrasions to the back with pinkish ooze

• 3" laceration to the forehead with dark red, flowing blood

• aceration to the forearm with obvious debris in the wound

• 1" laceration to the thigh with spurting, bright red blood

Which of the following sets of vital signs is LEAST indicative of internal bleeding?

• BP, 140/90 mm Hg; pulse rate, 58 beats/min; respirations, 8 breaths/min

• BP, 100/50 mm Hg; pulse rate, 120 beats/min; respirations, 24 breaths/min

• BP, 98/60 mm Hg; pulse rate, 110 beats/min; respirations, 28 breaths/min

• BP, 102/48 mm Hg; pulse rate, 100 beats/min; respirations, 22 breaths/min

When caring for a patient with internal bleeding, the EMT must first:

• ensure a patent airway.

• obtain baseline vital signs.

• control any external bleeding.

• take appropriate standard precautions.

The quickest and MOST effective way to control external bleeding from an extremity is:

• a pressure bandage.

• direct pressure and elevation.

• a splint.

• a tourniquet.

When applying a tourniquet to an amputated arm, the EMT should:

• use the narrowest bandage possible.

• avoid applying the tourniquet over a joint.

• cover the tourniquet with a sterile bandage.

• use rope to ensure that the tourniquet is tight.

A 70-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. When you arrive, you find him leaning over a basin, which contains an impressive amount of blood. He has a history of coronary artery disease, diabetes, and migraine headaches. His BP is 180/100 and his heart rate is 100 beats/min. Which of the following is the MOST likely contributing factor to his nosebleed?

• His blood pressure

• His history of diabetes

• The fact that he is elderly

• His heart rate of 100 beats/min

When caring for a patient with severe epistaxis, the MOST effective way to prevent aspiration of blood is to:

• insert a nasopharyngeal airway and lean the patient back.

• tilt the patient’s head forward while he or she is leaning forward.

• place the patient supine with his or her head in the flexed position.

• tilt the patient’s head forward while he or she is leaning backward.

Controlling internal bleeding requires:

• applying a tourniquet.

• surgery in a hospital.

• positioning the patient in the sitting position.

• providing slow and considerate transport.