Classical Conditioning

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

• Salivating at the sight of a lemon

• Raising your hand to ask a question

• Jerking your hand off a very hot stove

• Walking into a restaurant to eat

• Working for money

Months after she was robbed, Courtney's heart pounds with fear merely at the sight of the place where she was attacked. The location of her attack is most likely a(n)______________ for Courtney's anxiety.

• Conditioned stimulus (CS)

• Negative Reinforcer

• Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

• Partial Reinforcer

• Primary Reinforcer

Dylan's mother buys him a sailor's cap before they go on a family fishing trip. On the boat, Dylan gets nauseated and vomits. The next day he gets nauseated just from looking at the sailor's cap. The sailor's cap has become:

• the unconditioned stimulus

• the conditioned stimulus

• the unconditioned response

• the conditioned response

• the reconditioned stimulus

Automobile advertisements, especially those for sports cars, often feature young, beautiful women. Smart advertisers know and research confirms that men rate new cars whose ads include an attractive female as faster, more appealing, better designed, and more desirable than cars with similar ads that do not include an attractive female. What is the unconditioned response?

• The car

• The advertisement

• The attractive women

• Desire to buy the car

• Finding the woman attractive

The sight of a needle can trigger fear in some people. Why is this an example of classical conditioning?

• People learn this when they are young.

• There is an unconditioned association with fear and the needle.

• Needles hurt.

• With positive reinforcement one can overcome their fear.

• As people get older they overcome this fear.

The Neutral Stimulus (NS) is best defined as:

• a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning

• an unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus (US)

• a stimulus that unconditionally triggers an unconditioned response (UR)

• a learned response.

• none of the above

The Unconditioned Response (UR) is best defined as:

• a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning

• an unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus (US)

• a stimulus that unconditionally triggers an unconditioned response (UR)

• a learned response.

• none of the above

The Conditioned Stimulus (CS) in Pavlov's experiments is:

• the food

• the tone of the bell

• Salivating

• the dog

• none of the above

The Unconditioned Response (UR) in Pavlov's experiments is:

• Salivation

• The food.

• The tone of the bell.

• The dog.

• None of the above.

Learning is best defined as:

• a long-lasting change in behavior resulting from experience

• a long-lasting change in behavior through observations.

• A short-term change in behavior resulting from experience.

• A short-term change in behavior through observations.

• None of the above.