States of Consciousness

Staying up especially late on weekends is most likely to have an influence on:

• narcolepsy

• sleep apnea.

• seasonal affective disorder

• the circadian rhythm

Carrie’s EEG shows sleep spindles. Which stage of sleep is she in?

• NREM 1

• NREM 2

• NREM 3

• REM

Those who complain of insomnia typically _______ how long it actually takes them to fall asleep and ________ how long they actually slept.

• underestimate; overestimate

• overestimate; underestimate

• underestimate; underestimate

• overestimate; overestimate

The experience of insomnia following discontinued use of a psychoactive drug best illustrates:

• narcolepsy

• withdrawal

• REM Rebound

• dissociation

A modern theory of dreams suggests that dreams help us to fix the day’s experiences into memories. This is known as the ___________ theory of dreams

• information processing

• physiological function

• activation-synthesis

• cognitive developmental

The social influence theory of hypnosis receives support from evidence that:

• behaviors produced through hypnotic procedures can also be produced without them

• hypnotized subjects have a hidden observer

• easily hypnotized individuals have difficulty focusing attention on their own thoughts and feelings

• very few people are at all responsive to hypnotic suggestions

In order to help patients control their undesired symptoms or unhealthy behaviors, clinicians would be most likely to make use of:

• dissociation

• REM Rebound

• posthypnotic suggestion

• hypnogogic sensations

Which of the following is NOT classified as a stimulant?

• heroin

• ecstasy

• cocaine

• methamphetamine

Your friend insists that she rarely has dreams. What is the most likely explanation for this situation?

• She probably has dreams every night, but only rarely remembers her dreams.

• She probably uses barbiturates to help her sleep every night.

• This is normal; most people never dream.

• She stays up too late at night and gets up too early in the morning

Alex complains of chronic insomnia. He has had a medical check-up and is healthy, yet he has difficulty falling asleep. What is the best advice you can give in this situation?

• Have a glass of wine right before bedtime.

• Go to the doctor and get a prescription for sleeping pills

• Go to bed at the same time every evening and wake up at the same time in the morning.

• Do some strenuous exercise right before going to bed.