The Origin of Life

Which scientist disproved the idea of spontaneous generation once and for all by using a specifically designed swan-necked flask to heat broth?

• Spallanzani

• Pasteur

• Redi

• Needham

Which scientist was one of the first to disprove spontaneous generation by showing that flies were not created by meat?

• Spallanzani

• Pasteur

• Redi

• Needham

In 1745, a scientist attempted to prove that microorganisms are created in broth. He heated the broth to kill all microorganisms ,poured the broth into clean flasks, and corked them. After a short time, the clear broth became cloudy, which indicated microorganisms had been created. The cloudy broth "proved" his hypothesis. Which of the following is the BEST alternate explanation for the cloudy broth?

• The broth was contaminated by microorganisms found in the air when he transferred the broth to the clean flasks

• The scientist secretly introduced the microorganisms into the broth so that it would appear they were generated by the broth

• The heat killed the microorganisms but converted some of them into viruses that were then found to multiply in the cooled broth

• The cloudiness of the broth was not caused by microorganisms but was instead caused by oxidation

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Which of the following scientists attempted to prove spontaneous generation?

• Needham

• Pasteur

• Redi

• Spallanzani

Which of the following is the natural law that states that living organisms come only from other living organisms and are not created from nonliving materials?

• evolution

• oxidation

• biogenesis

• abiogenesis

Which scientist(s) came up with the hypothesis that life formed gradually from nonliving materials over a long period of time?

• Miller and Urey

• Sidney Fox

• Pasteur and Redi

• Oparin and Haldane

Which scientists successfully performed experiments to create amino acids from the chemicals they believed made up the early atmosphere?

• Stanley Miller

• Sidney Fox

• Harold Urey

• J.B.S. Haldane

• Alexander Oparin

Which scientist(s) first created protocells by heating amino acids?

• Stanley Miller

• Sidney Fox

• Harold Urey

• Alexander Oparin

Which of the following refers to the evolution of life from nonliving materials?

• physical evolution

• organic evolution

• chemical evolution

• microevolution

In Stanley Miller's and Harold Urey's experiment what chemical was intentionally left out?

• oxygen

• hydrogen

• methane

• ammonia