Industrialization : Labor's Response

The formation of national labor unions in the late 1800s was mainly a response to

• passage of federal laws that favored workers

• laws restricting immigration and industrialization

• poor working conditions and low wages in many industries

• economic depressions that had led to high unemployment

The American Federation of Labor's support for "bread and butter" unionism was intended to

• gain control of state and federal legislatures

• change the economic system to socialism

• combine all skilled and unskilled workers into one large organization

• improve wages, hours, and working conditions

In the late 1800s, the Homestead steel strike and the Pullman railcar strike were unsuccessful because

• the government supported business owners

• most workers refused to take part in the strike

• The Supreme Court ruled both strikes were illegal

• Factory owners hired children to replace the strikers

Which of the following correctly describes the American Federation of Labor?

• It wanted to increase wages for its members.
• It allowed all workers to join.
• It used strikes as a last resort.
• It was formed by a group of socialists.

This event, in Chicago, caused the public to begin turning against the labor movement.  The laborers were protesting police brutality and favored an eight hour work day.  Eight of the leaders were arrested:  1 committed suicide, 4 were hanged, and the last three were pardoned.

• The Great Strike of 1877
• The Haymarket Affair
• The Homestead Strike
• The Pullman Co Strike

What did the Pullman Strike, Haymarket Affair, and Homestead Strike have in common?

• They were defeats for owners.

• They were victories for unions.

• They were marked by violence.

• They were organized by anarchists.

The Industrial Workers of the World advocated what economic philosophy?

• socialism

• anarchism

• capitalism

• industrialism

Crowded, run-down apartment buildings in low-income areas are called

• slums

• ghettos

• tenements

• estates