Evolution Unit 2

In 2006, an Ethiopian researcher announced the discovery of well-preserved 3.3 million-year-old fossil of a young female hominid. Refer to Figure (F) below. Considering the Hominid trend of evolution, choose which skull would most likely be that most primitive of the three. (15.10)

• Skull 2 because it has a smaller jaw than skull 3

• Skull 1 because it has a larger skull than the other two

• Skull 3 because the brow ridge is the largest

• Probably both skulls 2 and 3 because they have flatter faces

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Refer to diagram M. What lobe is designated by label A in the figure below? (14.26)

• occipital lobe

• parietal lobe

• frontal lobe

• temporal lobe

The diagram below demonstrates a chicken and human embryo both virtually within the same developmental time. Both embryos show slits homologous to fish gill slits. Neither are fish yet they contain these slits at this stage of their development. (15.1)

What can we theorize about this particular observation?

• Both in chickens and in humans, the fish gill slits are hidden beneath our necks as vestigial structures

• These fish gill slits imply both Humans and Chickens may have a common ancestor

• The homologous slits are examples of nucleic structures early in development

• The fish gill slits on both embryos are examples of analogous structures

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The term "human" in the context of human evolution refers to the genus Homo, but studies of human evolution usually include other hominids, such as the Australopithecines, from which the genus Homo had diverged by about 2.3 to 2.4 million years ago in Africa. Several species and subspecies of Homo evolved and are now extinct. These include Homo erectus, which inhabited Asia, and Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, which inhabited Europe.

Refer to the hominid skulls below.

Place these skulls in the correct developmental timeline from oldest to most recent. (15.10)

• 1, 4, 3, 5, 2

• 4, 1, 5, 2, 3

• 2, 1, 5, 3, 4

• 5, 3, 4, 1, 2

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of living things. Fossil formation usually occurs when organisms experience rapid burial such as an underwater land slide or being covered by volcanic ash. When organisms get trapped in the layers of sediment, they have the possibility of becoming fossilized. This phenomena allows Paleontologists to go back “in time” to what might have inhabited Earth. Rock layers are usually ordered with the oldest layers on the bottom, and the most recent layers on top. (15.1)

Refer to Figure “P”. Layer A contains none of the fossils found in layer D. What does this imply?

• That fossils found in “A” had not evolved yet

• Indirectly implies that fossils found in C are older than those found in B

• Indirectly implies that fossils found in D are older than those found in C

• That fossils found in “D” had not evolved yet

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Refer to the diagram below.

Which type of biomolecule is it? (18.1)

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic Acids

• Lipids

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NGSS.MS-LS1-7

Refer to the diagram below. This macromolecule plays a vital role in many cellular processes including energy storage, structural support, protection, and communication. (18.1)

• Protein

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic Acids

• Lipids

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

Hominid refers to species of primates within the Hominidae family, including humans. Throughout time, fossilized artifacts have been accumulated, and these provide insights into how Homo sapiens (humans) might have evolved.

Through these fossilized artifacts, scientists are able to make conclusions. Some hominid trends include a flatter face as hominids modernized.

Refer to diagram M. According to Hominid trends, which of the three jaws would most likely be that of a modern hominid? (15.10)

• 1

• 2

• 3

• Both 1 & 2

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Refer to figure T of the latter part of a whale and snake. Both have what appear to be a femur and pelvis. These structures have no useful function and may imply both the whale and the snake may have had legs at one time.

What are these structures called? (15.1)

• Analogous structures

• Vestigial Structures

• Differential structures

• homologous structures

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

What is the best explanation scientists have been able to come up with for the appearance of Ostrich birds in different continents? (15.1)

• People most likely took the birds to different continents

• Ostriches could have arisen through spontaneous generation

• Darwin likely took an Ostrich he found in one continent to another and that is how they spread

• The distribution of some groups of Ostrich-like birds may have been influenced by continental drift in what is known as Pangea.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3