Big Ideas Review: Mitosis - Meiosis - Mendel

Cells and the organisms they make up reproduce through cell division. Some organisms reproduce through mitosis, while others reproduce through meiosis and fertilization. What advantage does meiosis give to organisms that reproduce sexually?

• Meiosis ensures that offspring inherit genes from their parents.

• Meiosis ensures that offspring will not inherit any genetic disorders.

• Meiosis ensures that offspring are genetically different from their parents

• Meiosis ensures that offspring will have identical phenotypes to their parents

Crossing-over between nonsister chromatids during meiosis is significant in heredity (inheritance of genes). This process most likely leads to an increase in which of the following?

• The expression of dominant traits

• Number of gametes

• The occurrence of polyploidy (more than two chromosomes at a position)

• Genetic variation

Which statement describes the process shown?

• The cells are produced by mitosis and contain all the genetic information of the father.

• If one of these cells fertilizes an egg, the offspring will be identical to the father.

• Each of these cells contains only half the genetic information necessary for the formation of an offspring.

• An egg fertilized by one of these cells will develop into a female with the same characteristics as the mother.

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This exchange of genetic material is called

• Increased genetic mutation

• Crossing over

• Haploid probability

• Fertilization

Human body cells each have 46 chromosomes in their nuclei. Meiosis is necessary in order to ensure that each gamete produced in the human body has

• 12 chromosomes

• 23 chromosomes

• 46 chromosomes

• 92 chromosomes

Sexual reproduction in animals depends on the production of gametes. Which of these processes produces gametes in animals?

• Mitosis

• Fertilization

• Meiosis

• Binary fission

The diagram shows the first few steps of meiosis. Which picture shows the FINAL step of this process?

• 
• 
• 
• 

What process best decribes meiosis?

• one round of DNA replication followed by one round of cell division

• one round of DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell division

• two rounds of DNA replication followed by one round of cell division

• two rounds of DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell division

Diploid cells contain ________ chromosomes while haploid cells contain ________ chromosomes.

• 2n, n

• 2n , 2n

• n , 2n

• n, n

Gametes (sex cells) are _________ while somatic cells (body cells) are _________.

• diploid, haploid

• haploid, diploid

• haploid, haploid

• diploid, diploid