CH 4 Membrane and the Integumentary System

1. The hypodermis

• A) is loose connective tissue that attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle.

• B) is important for padding and insulation.

• C) contains about half of the body's stored fat.

• D) is also called subcutaneous tissue.

• E) has all of these characteristics

2. The dermis

• A) consists of collagen and elastic fibers.

• B) is responsible for most of the structural strength of the skin.

• C) contains fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages.

• D) has dermal papillae.

• E) has all of these characteristics.

Keratinization

• A) is a process that epidermal cells undergo as they move to the surface.

• B) produces cells filled with keratin.

• C) gives the stratum corneum its structural strength.

• D) produces an outer layer of epidermal cells that resist abrasion

• E) has all of these properties.

The stratum corneum of the epidermis

• A) consists of continuously dividing cells.

• B)can become thickened and form a structure called a callus or corn.

• C)has cells that are continuously moving toward the stratum basale.

• D) has cells that synthesize melanin.

• E) has all of these characteristics.

Melanin

• A) is a pigment produced by cells in the stratum corneum.

• B) is produced by melanocytes.

• C) is responsible for cyanosis.

• D) is responsible for birthmarks.

• E) is all of these.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

• A) absorption of ultraviolet light by melanin

• B) resistance to abrasion by sloughing cells from the epidermis

• C) physical barrier to foreign particles and microorganisms

• D) provides water loss to get rid of waste products

• E)Hair acts as a heat insulator, and prevents entry of foreign particles into the eyes and nose.

Which of the following processes might be involved in temperature regulation by the integumentary system?

• A) evaporation of sweat from the surface of the skin to reduce body temperature

• B) dilation of dermal blood vessels to decrease loss by radiation and convection

• C) constriction of dermal blood vessels to help remove excess heat

• D) constriction of dermal blood vessels to prevent tissue damage when skin temperature drops too low

Which of the following conditions is incorrectly paired with its symptoms

• A)Vitamin A deficiency – excess keratin deposits in skin leading to sand paper-like texture

• B) iron deficiency anemia – nails become flat or concave (spoon-like)

• C) psoriasis – fungal infection causing circular scaly lesions

• D)cyanosis – bluish color of skin resulting from decreased blood oxygen content

• E) acne – inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands

The type of glands that open into a hair follicle and produces sebum are

• A) eccrine or merocrine sweat glands.

• B) apocrine sweat glands.

• C) sebaceous glands.

• D) both merocrine and apocrine sweat glands.

• E) All glands of the skin have this property.

Cyanosis is caused by

• A) altered blood flow to the skin (overall or in small areas).

• B) increased number of active melanocytes.

• C) collection of abnormal pigment (not melanin) in the skin.

• D) decreased oxygen content of blood.

• E)increased production of melanin by normal number of melanocytes.