The primary concern of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) is to

• improve the internal validity of the research design.

• insure the ethical treatment of nonhuman animals in research.

• protect the welfare of human participants.

• insure that research proposals contain no risk to the participants.

The most common criticism regarding the use of college student participant pools is that

• students are coerced into participating in research.

• it may compromise internal validity.

• it may compromise external validity.

• it may introduce a confounding variable.

One problem, noted in your text, with recruiting research participants through the Internet is that

• the participants may not be representative of non-Internet users.

• it is difficult to find diverse samples.

• contacting potential participants is difficult.

• . most researchers are not “net savvy.”

As sample size increases

• research becomes less valid.

• average scores on the dependent variable increase

• scores on the independent variable decrease

• the ability to detect statistically significant differences among groups.

Power of a statistical test refers to

• the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis.

• the probability of not rejecting a true null hypothesis.

• the probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis.

• the probability of not rejecting a false null hypothesis.

Effect size is the

• magnitude of alpha and power combined.

• magnitude of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.

• magnitude of the manipulation of the independent variable.

• scale on the vertical axis required to plot all of the data.

. Instructions serve many purposes in the data collection process. Which of the following is NOT among them?

• define the participants' task for them

• motivate participants to perform well

• direct participants' attention to relevant stimuli

• explain to participants the true nature of the study

Which of the following is not one of the functions of debriefing your participants?

• deception

• ethical

• educational

• . methodological

Frequently, experimenters try out new procedures and/or apparatuses by running the experiment using just a few participants. This experiment is called a

• mini-study.

• test run.

• pre-test

• pilot study.

一個螢幕的更新速率是80Hz,請問完整呈現一個畫面，需時：

• 80 ms

• 25 ms

• 12.5 ms

• 10 ms