Inheritance

Coat color in a dog breed is determined by incomplete dominance where three colors are produced (Brown, tan and white), and the brown coat allele (B) has incomplete dominance over the white coat allele (b). Which offspring ratio would be expected from a cross between a brown dog and a white dog?

• A. 2 BB: 2 Bb

• B. 4 Bb

• C. 1 BB: 2 Bb: 1 bb

• D. 2 BB: 2 bb

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A cross between a red flower and a white flower produces red and white spotted flowers. Which type of inheritance pattern is indicated by these results?

• A. polygenic

• B. codominance

• C. multiple alleles

• D. incomplete dominance

Human blood type is determined by multiple alleles (A, B, and O). Which ratio would result from a cross between a man with Type AB blood and a woman with Type O blood?

• A. 50% Type A, 50% Type O

• B. 75% Type A, 25% Type B

• C. 50% Type A, 50% Type B

• D. 100% Type O

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Suppose the following point mutation occurred in the DNA. Will this mutation affect the protein resulting from this gene sequence?

Original DNA Sequence: ATA TTA AAT GGC CCG CCC GGG

Mutated DNA Sequence: ATA TTA AAT GGC CAG CCC GGG

• A. Yes, because all mutations change the resulting protein.

• B. No, because the amino acid sequence has not been changed.

• C. Yes, because the 5th amino acid in the sequence has changed.

• D. No, because mutations in the DNA do not affect the mRNA sequence.

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The Punnett square above illustrates a dihybrid cross for cats. The traits are long tail (s), short tail (S), brown hair (B), and white hair (b). What are the genotypes of the parents that produces the probabilities shown in the Punnett square above?

• A. Ssbb x ssBb

• B. Ssbb x SSBB

• C. SsBb x SsBb

• D. SSBb x SsBb

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A woman develops skin cancer after prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sun tanning. Would her future children be at risk of inheriting this skin cancer?

• A. Yes, if she had a baby after developing skin cancer.

• B. Yes, this is a mutation in the DNA of her somatic cells.

• C. No, this condition does not affect the woman's egg cells.

• D. No, babies cannot get skin cancer because they are immune.

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When a plant with red flowers (C^RC^R) is crossed with a plant that has white flowers ( C^WC^W), the resulting offspring has pink flowers ( C^RC^W). If two pink flowers are crossed, what is the probability of having a pink flower?

• A. 0%

• B. 25%

• C. 50%

• D. 75%

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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A geneticist studying the inheritance of flowers performed a series of crosses. The results from the crosses are listed in the data table above. Based off the data above, which mode of inheritance is flower color?

• A. codominance

• B. incomplete dominance

• C. complete dominance

• D. polygenic

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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In dogs merle color (spotted) is incompletely dominant to solid colors like red, brown, or black. The gene for a white patch of fur on the chest or face is completely dominant to no white patch of fur. What is the best explanation for why some puppies inherit both white patch and the merle gene, some inherit only one of the two traits, and others are neither merle nor do they have a white patch?

• A. The law of dominance states that dominant traits are inherited separately while incompletely dominant traits are inherited together.

• B. The law of segregation states that each offspring inherits traits separately and that multiple traits will never be inherited from the same parent.

• C. The law of independent assortment states that the allele for each trait is inherited separately from one another so the offspring can express any combination of traits.

• D. The law of incomplete dominance states that when one gene is incompletely dominant it is always inherited by the offspring if the offspring inherits another completely dominant trait.

Which principle best explains why the gametes only each contain a single allele?

• A. Mendel's Law of Dominance states that dominant alleles must separate from recessive alleles in gamete formation.

• B. Mendel's Law of Inheritance states that only one allele is inherited from each parent and the dominant allele is inherited first.

• C. Mendel's Law of Segregation states that alleles must segregate during gamete formation in order to create haploid sex cells need for reproduction.

• D. Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that each trait is inherited separately and the resulting gametes each only contain the DNA for a single trait.