Unit 7 Renaissance and Reformation

In the 1500’s, Martin Luther’s Ninety-five theses, Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy, and John Calvin’s Institutes of Christian Religion contributed to—

• A decline in power of the Catholic Church

• An increased sense of nationalism in Tudor England

• The growing power of the feudal nobility in Europe

• A major conflict with Eastern Orthodox Christians

In 1517, Martin Luther was dissatisfied with the Catholic Church because he—

• Thought the church lacked structure

• Disagreed with the sale of indulgences

• Blamed the Church for not curing people who had the plague

• Believed that kings should have the power to appoint clergy

One major characteristic of the Renaissance was that the—

• Manor became the main center of economic activity

• Catholic Church lost all its influence in Europe

• Classical cultures of Greece and Rome were studied and imitated

• Major language of the common people was Latin

The major goal of the Catholic Counter-Reformation was to –

• Reinstate the power of the Roman Catholic Church

• Reduce the authority of absolute monarchs

• Encourage new ideas in science and philosophy

• Reach a compromise with European Protestants

Which statement expresses a belief shared by most Renaissance humanist philosophers?

• People should study the works of important people as well as sacred matters

• Governments should establish overseas empires

• People should withdraw from the world to worship god

• Scholars should follow Church teachings without question

Which innovation had the greatest impact on the Protestant Reformation?

• Construction of a triangular sail

• Use of a magnetic compass

• Introduction of Porcelain statues

• Use of a moveable-type printing press

A major reason that the Renaissance began in Italy was that –

• Few European scholars had migrated to this area

• Italian merchants benefitted with trade from the Americas

• Italian city-states had grown wealthy from trade between Europe and Asia

• Italian farmers had produced great agricultural surpluses on Italy’s vast plains

In what ways did Renaissance art and architecture differ from the art and architecture of the Middle Ages?

• Renaissance architecture had stained glass windows and tall spires

• Medieval architecture used multiple columns and realistic sculptures

• Medieval architecture often used circular arches and paintings featuring chiaroscuro

• Renaissance architecture featured dome shaped roofs and perspective paintings

“Unless I am convinced by proofs from the Bible or by plain and clear reasoning and arguments, I can and will not retract (take back), for it is neither safe nor wise to do anything against conscience. Here I stand. I can do no other. God help me. Amen.”

What is the most likely source of the quotation above?

• Machiavelli’s recommendations to rulers in The Prince

• Da Vinci’s description of his new painting style in works like the Mona Lisa

• Luther’s failure to submit to the Pope’s demands

• Arguments of Galileo at his trial for accepting the views of Copernicus

“Kings and princes coin money out of metals, but the Pope coins money out of everything—indulgences, ceremonies, dispensations, pardons, inquisitions; all fish come to his net.---Martin Luther 1519

The ideas presented in the passage above contributed directly to the---

• Code of Hammurabi

• Renaissance

• Mandate of Heaven

• Protestant Reformation