AP Psych Cognition

As his AP psychology teacher was lecturing, Tanner was thinking about competing in a swim meet later that afternoon. Where are Tanner's current thoughts being processed?

• sensory memory
• working memory
• long-term memory
  
• echoic memory
  

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ________ memory.

• state-dependent
• long-term
• implicit
• flashbulb

During her psychology test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of

• automatic processing.
• priming.
• the serial position effect.
• the spacing effect.

In an effort to remember how to spell “rhinoceros,” Samantha spells the word aloud 30 times. She is using a technique known as

• priming
• rehearsal
• the peg-word system
• chunking

Students who restudy course material at the end of a semester in order to pass the AP final exam are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value of

• implicit memory
• the serial position effect
• long-term potentation
• the spacing effect

“The magical number seven, plus or minus two” refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory.

• short-term
  
• explicit
• implicit
• sensory

The title of a song is on the tip of Gerard's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerard's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by

• repression.
• encoding failure.
• retrieval failure.
• a physical decay of stored memory.

When someone mentions Ivy League colleges, Trisha immediately thinks of Harvard University. In this instance, Harvard University is a

• prototype.
• mental set.
• algorithm.
• fixation.

A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of

• an algorithm.
• the availability heuristic.
• functional fixedness.
• belief perseverance.

The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to

• save time in arriving at solutions to problems.
• avoid the issue of functional fixedness.
• yield more accurate solutions to problems.
• involve greater reliance on language skills.