Quiz about ESS SEM 1 REVIEW: EARTHQUAKES

Question 1

The epicenter of an earthquake is

Accepted Answer

The point on the surface directly above the focus

Answer

The point below the surface where rock begins to break and the first motion occurs

Answer

The seismic station closest to the earthquake

Answer

The place where the greatest damage occurs

Question 2

This famous transform fault is located in the western United States creates significant earthquake activity for California

Accepted Answer

San Andreas

Answer

New Madrid

Answer

Denali Fault

Answer

Ramapo Seismic Zone

Question 3

The Richter scale measures:

Accepted Answer

the strength of an earthquake

Answer

the amount of radon gas released

Answer

the movement of plates

Answer

the weight of tectonic plates

Question 4

The Modified Mercalli scale rates the amount of damage from an earthquake

Accepted Answer

true

Answer

false

Question 5

Which travels fastest, always being the first detected by seismic stations?

Accepted Answer

P waves

Answer

S waves

Question 6

An earthquake scored high on the Richter scale but low on the Mercalli scale. Why?

Accepted Answer

it probably happened in an area with no people

Answer

it was a fast earthquake

Answer

because it damaged a lot

Answer

impossible to tell

Question 7

Liquefaction is when...

Accepted Answer

the soil behaves like liquid

Answer

the ground becomes liquid

Answer

magma rises to the surface

Answer

buildings are damaged, crumbling like liquid

Question 8

An instrument that detects and measures earthquakes is a

Accepted Answer

seismograph

Answer

seismogram

Answer

focus seismic map

Answer

focus

Question 9

How much bigger is a magnitude 8 earthquake compared to magnitude 7 one on the Richter Scale?

Accepted Answer

10 times bigger

Answer

1 time bigger

Answer

100 times bigger

Answer

1000 times bigger

Question 10

Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called

Accepted Answer

shearing

Answer

deformation

Answer

tension

Answer

compression

Question 11

Tension causes what type of fault to form?

Accepted Answer

normal fault

Answer

folds

Answer

reverse fault

Answer

strike slip fault

Question 12

What type of fault is shown in this picture?

Accepted Answer

reverse

Answer

normal

Answer

strike slip

Answer

tension

Question 13

What is a large ocean wave that results from an underwater earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption?

Accepted Answer

Tsunami

Answer

Aftershock

Answer

Liquefaction

Answer

Seismic Gap

Question 14

The point where movement occurred which triggered an earthquake is the ________.

Accepted Answer

Focus

Answer

Slip

Answer

Epicenter

Answer

Fault

Question 15

Which of the following sequences correctly list the different arrivals from first to last?

Accepted Answer

P waves, S waves, Surface waves

Answer

P waves, surface waves, L waves

Answer

S waves, Surface waves, L waves

Answer

Surface waves, S waves, P waves

Question 16

What is the minimum number of seismograph stations that are needed to accurately locate the epicenter?

Accepted Answer

3

Answer

1

Answer

2

Answer

4

Question 17

The point labeled A is called the

Accepted Answer

Focus

Answer

Epicenter

Answer

Slip

Answer

Fault

Question 18

Using the picture, what are the waves labeled A?

Accepted Answer

P waves

Answer

S waves

Answer

Q waves

Answer

Surface Waves

Question 19

Surface waves are labeled with which letter?

Accepted Answer

c

Answer

a

Answer

b

Question 20

According to the seismograms, which station was the closest to the epicenter?

Accepted Answer

x

Answer

y

Answer

z

Question 21

Where is the epicenter?

Accepted Answer

C

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

D

Question 22

spot or origin where the earthquake began -- often below the surface of the earth

Accepted Answer

focus

Answer

core

Answer

epicenter

Answer

fault

Question 23

amount of damage caused by an earthquake

Accepted Answer

intensity

Answer

magnitude

Answer

scale

Answer

mercalli

Question 24

measure of the strength of an earthquake

Accepted Answer

magnitude

Answer

intensity

Answer

scale

Answer

mercalli

Question 25

magnitude scale that is more accurate for larger earthquakes

Accepted Answer

Moment Magnitude Scale

Answer

Richter Scale

Answer

seismogram

Answer

Modified Mercalli Scale

Question 26

a seismic wave that shakes the ground back and forth (compression) in the direction the wave is moving

Accepted Answer

P-Wave

Answer

S-Wave

Answer

L-Wave

Answer

R-Wave

Question 27

a tracing of earthquake motion (paper with squiggly lines)

Accepted Answer

seismogram

Answer

seismograph

Answer

seismometer

Answer

richter scale

Question 28

the instrument that records vibrations in the ground (writes or prints information on paper)

Accepted Answer

seismograph

Answer

seismometer

Answer

richter scale

Answer

seismogram

Question 29

the study of earthquakes and the structure of the Earth, by both naturally and artificially generated earthquakes

Accepted Answer

seismology

Answer

richter

Answer

geology

Answer

volcanology

Question 30

instrument buried in the ground to detect earthquake vibrations

Accepted Answer

seismometer

Answer

seismogram

Answer

seismograph

Answer

richter scale

Question 31

the time gap between earthquake arrivals, used to calculate distance to the epicenter

Accepted Answer

S-P interval

Answer

P-S Interval

Answer

L-R Interval

Answer

R-L Interval

Question 32

a seismic wave that shakes the ground up and down as it travels forward

Accepted Answer

S-Wave

Answer

P-Wave

Answer

L-Wave

Answer

R-Wave

Question 33

the process of determining the location of a point by measuring angles to it from three known points

Accepted Answer

triangulation

Answer

location process

Answer

pin-pointing

Answer

GPS Monitoring

Question 34

a sea wave caused by large oceanic earthquakes, major submarine slides, or exploding volcanic islands

Accepted Answer

tsunami

Answer

tidal wave

Answer

typhoon

Answer

hurricane

Question 35

Here is a picture of a seismogram. Which seismic wave reaches the station first?

Accepted Answer

P Wave

Answer

S Wave

Answer

H Wave

Answer

L Wave

Question 36

Look at the picture. What is the location called where all three circles intersect?

Accepted Answer

epicenter

Answer

focus

Answer

earthquake

Answer

seismograph

Question 37

P Waves can move through which of the following?

Accepted Answer

All of these

Answer

Gas

Answer

Liquid

Answer

Solid

Question 38

S Waves can move through which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Solid

Answer

Gas

Answer

Liquid

Answer

All of these

Question 39

Many earthquakes happen along the borders of...

Accepted Answer

Tectonic Plates

Answer

Countries

Answer

Climate Zones

Answer

None of the above.

Question 40

P waves move ___________ than S waves.

Accepted Answer

faster

Answer

slower

Answer

the same speed

Answer

around

Question 41

With the help of a graph, the time difference between P and S waves can tell you ____________.

Accepted Answer

how far away the earthquake is

Answer

how big the earthquake is

Answer

how long the earthquake lasted

Answer

how deep the earthquake is

Question 42

Two blocks of rock slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

Accepted Answer

Strike-Slip Fault

Answer

Normal Fault

Answer

Reverse Fault

Answer

Tension Fault

Question 43

only travel through solids and temporarily change the shape, but not the volume of the material they pass through; move slower than P waves

Accepted Answer

S- Wave

Answer

P-Wave

Answer

Seismic Waves

Answer

Surface Waves

Question 44

Sudden movement of rock that relieves stress

Accepted Answer

Earthquake

Answer

Strike Slip

Answer

Focus

Answer

Epicenter

Question 45

What does a seismograph record?

Accepted Answer

the ground movements caused by seismic waves

Answer

the Mercalli scale rating for an earthquake

Answer

the speed of seismic waves

Answer

the location of the epicenter

Question 46

In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake?

Accepted Answer

away from the focus

Answer

from the surface to the interior

Answer

toward the focus

Answer

through the mantle only

Question 47

Picture A Represents?

Accepted Answer

Normal Fault

Answer

Reverse Fault

Answer

Strike-Slip Fault

Answer

Damage Fault

Question 48

Picture B Represents?

Accepted Answer

Reverse Fault

Answer

Normal Fault

Answer

Strike-Slip Fault

Answer

Damage Fault

Question 49

Picture C Represents?

Accepted Answer

Strike-Slip Fault

Answer

Normal Fault

Answer

Reverse Fault

Answer

Damage Fault

Question 50

#1 Represents

Accepted Answer

Epicenter

Answer

Fault

Answer

Focus

Answer

Fold

Question 51

#2 Represents

Accepted Answer

Fault

Answer

Epicenter

Answer

Focus

Answer

Fold

Question 52

#3 Represents

Accepted Answer

Focus

Answer

Fault

Answer

Epicenter

Answer

Fold

Question 53

Which body wave squeezes and stretches rock materials as they pass through the Earth?

Accepted Answer

P Waves

Answer

Body Waves

Answer

S Waves

Answer

Surface Waves

Question 54

Which body waves cause particles of rock material to move at right angles to the direction in which the waves are traveling?

Accepted Answer

S Waves

Answer

Body Waves

Answer

P Waves

Answer

Surface Waves

Question 55

Where are the P-waves located on this seismogram?

Accepted Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

C

Answer

D

Question 56

What is an area along a seismically active fault where no earthquake activity has occurred over a long period of time?

Accepted Answer

Seismic Gap

Answer

Aftershock

Answer

Liquefaction

Answer

Tsunami

Question 57

How can scientists learn about Earth's interior?

Accepted Answer

by analyzing seismic data

Answer

by drilling down into the mantle

Answer

by reviewing weather patterns

Question 58

What would scientists use a seismograph/seismogram for?

Accepted Answer

Locating the epicenter of an earthquake.

Accepted Answer

Learning more about where the earthquake originated

Accepted Answer

Learning more about the depth and density of the layers of Earth.

Accepted Answer

To analyze the speed of an earthquake to learn about the depth of Earth's interior.

Question 59

Why would scientists need seismic data from a location that wasn't directly effected by an earthquake?

Accepted Answer

This information can help them find the epicenter.

Answer

They wouldn't. That's silly.

Answer

Because scientists just like data.

Answer

This information can help them make more graphs, which is their hobby.

Question 60

Earthquakes are caused by

Accepted Answer

sudden movements of rock along a fault

Answer

sudden movement of water

Answer

seismic gaps

Answer

too much drilling along plate boundaries

Question 61

When an underwater earthquake causes a giant wave to come ashore, that wave is known as a __

Accepted Answer

tsunami

Answer

seismic wave

Answer

shearing

Answer

focus wave

Question 62

If two earthquakes have the same magnitude and epicenter, which type would cause more damage?

Accepted Answer

the earthquake with the shallowest focus

Answer

the earthquake with the deepest focus

Answer

the damage would be the same

Answer

there is no way to tell

Question 63

Measuring the time between the arrival of __ and __ helps a scientist to determine the distance between the recording seismograph and the earthquake's epicenter.

Accepted Answer

primary and secondary waves

Answer

primary and surface waves

Answer

secondary and surface waves

Answer

surface and body waves

Question 64

How are the outer and inner cores different?

Accepted Answer

The inner core is solid and the outer core is liquid.

Answer

The inner core is liquid and the outer core is solid.

Answer

Both of them are made of iron and nickel.

Answer

The outer core will not allow primary waves to go through it.

ESS SEM 1 REVIEW: EARTHQUAKES

70 questions

The epicenter of an earthquake is

This famous transform fault is located in the western United States creates significant earthquake activity for California

The Richter scale measures:

The Modified Mercalli scale rates the amount of damage from an earthquake

Which travels fastest, always being the first detected by seismic stations?

An earthquake scored high on the Richter scale but low on the Mercalli scale. Why?

Liquefaction is when...

An instrument that detects and measures earthquakes is a

How much bigger is a magnitude 8 earthquake compared to magnitude 7 one on the Richter Scale?

Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called

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