In classical conditioning, the UCR:

• happens after the CR.

• is the response to the CS.

• is the response to the UCS.

• triggers the UCS to occur.

The process of learning or developing a response is called:

• extinction

• acquisition

• discrimination

• cognition

Kathleen developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash. The fact that today she can fly again without distress indicates that her fear has undergone:

• discrimination

• extinction

• generalization

• spontaneous recovery

Proof that extinction does not completely destroy a response is:

• discrimination

• generalization

• spontaneous recovery

• conditioned stimulus

You’re watching a commercial in which your favorite musician is selling a new brand of cat food. The advertiser wants _____ to serve as a conditioned stimulus.

• the new brand of cat food

• the response of liking the musician

• your favorite musician

• your response of buying the cat food

Discrimination (in psychology) occurs when:

• a person shows prejudice against someone else due to a personal characteristic, such as race

• a very specific UCS causes a specific UCR

• an organism responds to a specific CS, instead of all similar CSs

• an organism responds in the same way to all similar stimuli

Months after she was assaulted, Mary’s heart pounds with fear merely at the sight of the apartment in which she was attacked. This best illustrates

• extinction

• generalization

• panic

• reinforcement

In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was a(n):

• conditioned response

• conditioning stimulus

• unconditioned response

• unconditioned stimulus

Behaviorists define learning as:

• a relatively permanent change in behavior caused by practice

• memorizing and recalling specific information

• what happens when you remember how to perform a certain action or skill

• when you understand something

John Watson’s experiments with Baby Albert showed how classical conditioning could be used to explain:

• extinction

• unconditioned responses

• spontaneous recovery

• emotions