Ch 11 - Module 27.1

This is the process by which activities are started, directed and continued to meet physical or psychological needs or wants.

• motivation

• instinct

• homeostasis

• need reduction

This occurs when a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from the person.

• extrinsic motivation

• intrinsic motivation

• drive-reduction motivation

• primary motivation

This occurs when a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner.

• intrinsic motivation

• extrinsic motivation

• drive-reduction motivation

• needs-reduction motivation

This approach says that when an organism has a need, it creates tension for the organism, which then motivates the organism to act to reduce the tension.

• drive-reduction approach

• instinct approach

• McClelland's approach

• arousal approach

This approach to motivation suggests that a person has an optimal level of arousal to maintain.

• drive-reduction approach

• instinct approach

• McClelland's approach

• arousal approach

The piece of McClelland's approach to motivation states that we have a strong desire to succeed in getting to one's goals, both realistic and challenging.

• need for achievement

• need for power

• need for affiliation

The piece of McClelland's approach to motivation states that we have a desire to have social interactions and relationships with others.

• need for achievement

• need for power

• need for affiliation

The piece of McClelland's approach to motivation concerns having control over others, influencing them and having an impact on them.

• need for achievement

• need for power

• need for affiliation

In this approach to motivation, an external stimulus may be so rewarding that it motivates a person to act toward that stimulus (rather than another stimulus) to satisfy a drive.

• incentive approach

• drive-reduction approach

• instinct approach

• arousal approach

The following is an example of which theory: "You have always done poorly in mathematics, so you are unlikely to take on an extra credit project that involves solving 50 math equations."

• expectancy-value theory

• arousal theory

• instinct theory

• drive-reduction theory