Quiz about DNA/ RNA Test REview

Question 1

Are all mutations bad?

Accepted Answer

No

Answer

Yes

Question 2

In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of

Accepted Answer

thymine

Answer

cytosine

Answer

guanine

Answer

uracil

Question 3

Any change in the sequence of DNA is...

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Answer

transgenic shift

Answer

Single Genotype

Answer

Monohybrid Trait

Question 4

Which organelle is DNA usually found in?

Accepted Answer

nucleus

Answer

cell membrane

Answer

vacuole

Answer

chloroplast

Question 5

What is a codon?

Accepted Answer

It is a three letter section of bases that are read by ribosomes to stamp amino acids into a protein

Answer

They are the codes on the DNA (hence "code-on"

Answer

It is a type of mutation that occurs when there has been a substitution, deletion or insertion.

Answer

It is a made up word for this quiz. Nice try, Wampler.

Question 6

What are the building blocks of proteins called?

Accepted Answer

Amino Acids

Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 7

In DNA, Adenine bonds with ______________.

Accepted Answer

Thymine

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Adenine

Question 8

What is the central dogma of biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is the blueprint for an organism. RNA copies specific sections that need to be built and transfers that information to a ribosome which assembles proteins out of amino acids.

Answer

Proteins are made from RNA that assembles amino acids through DNA ribosomes.

Answer

RNA copies all information for an organism onto DNA which assembles ribosomes, and creates amino acids from proteins

Answer

RNA is the blueprint for an organism. It copies its information onto DNA, which takes amino acids (like lego building blocks) and assembles those acids into proteins.

Question 9

Which choice describes DNA after replication has taken place?

Accepted Answer

two molecules, each with one original and one new strand

Answer

one molecule with two original strands and one molecule with two new strands

Answer

two molecules, each with two new strands

Answer

two molecules, each with two old strands

Question 10

At what point in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur and why?

Accepted Answer

before a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA instructions

Answer

before a cell divides, to ensure that the DNA will fit into the resulting cells

Answer

during cell division, to ensure that the DNA will fit into the resulting cells

Answer

after a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA instructions

Question 11

Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented above.

There is an error in the DNA in which molecule?

Accepted Answer

segment 3 only

Answer

segment 1 only

Answer

segment 2 and 3

Answer

segment 3 and 4

Question 12

The sequence of DNA below is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?

5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3'

Accepted Answer

4

Answer

8

Answer

12

Answer

20

Question 13

A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed only one the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?

Accepted Answer

UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.

Answer

The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil.

Answer

Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.

Answer

Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid.

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely cause a mutation?

Accepted Answer

the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA

Answer

the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus

Answer

the release of messenger RNA from DNA

Question 15

A diagram of a cellular process is shown above.

Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?

Accepted Answer

translation

Answer

translocation

Answer

replication

Answer

transcription

Question 16

During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism.

Accepted Answer

Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur.

Answer

yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for.

Answer

yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a change in phenotype.

Answer

It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.

Question 17

Which of the following carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Answer

mRNA

Answer

rRNa

Answer

nRNA

Question 18

Which of the following accurately describes the difference between transcription and translation?

Accepted Answer

In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is transferred to a messenger RNA molecule. Translation is the process of creating an amino acid chain using the encoded messenger RNA.

Answer

In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is first encoded. Translation is the process of converting the DNA code into code that RNA can use.

Answer

In transcription, an amino acid chain is encoded in a DNA molecule. Translation is the process of turning the amino acids into nucleic acids in an RNA molecule.

Answer

In transcription, a double helix DNA molecule is split into two separate single strands. Translation is the process of joining each single DNA strand with a single strand of matching RNA

Question 19

Which statement correctly describes the difference between DNA transcription and DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication results in two copies of a double helix of DNA, while DNA transcription results in a single-stranded RNA molecule.

Answer

DNA replication results in a single-stranded RNA molecule, while DNA transcription results in two copies of a double helix of DNA.

Answer

DNA replication results in a single copy of a double helix of DNA, while DNA transcription results in two copies of a single-stranded RNA molecule.

Answer

DNA replication results in two copies of a single-stranded RNA molecule, while DNA transcription results in a single copy of a double helix of DNA.

Question 20

In DNA replication, complementary base pairing occurs between ___.

Accepted Answer

Adenine and thymine

Answer

Cytosine and uracil

Answer

Adenine and guanine

Answer

Adenine and uracil

Question 21

The intersection of the left, top, and right nitrogenous bases indicates which amino acid a mRNA codon represents. This is true for all organisms. This indicates that the ___.

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

The genetic code is universal.

Answer

We, as organisms, differ only in our sequence of bases

Answer

The genetic code determines the sequence of amino acids making up a protein

Question 22

What did Avery conclude at the end of his experiment?

Accepted Answer

DNA is the macromolecule responsible for transferring genetic information.

Answer

Avery did not conclude anything new.

Answer

Mice are not reliable sources for experiment.

Answer

Protein is the macromolecule responsible for transferring genetic information.

Question 23

Why is DNA important?

Accepted Answer

it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things

Answer

it is very small and very complicated

Answer

it's in everything

Answer

because we eat it every day for energy

Question 24

What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases

Answer

the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases

Answer

the color of the nitrogen bases

Answer

the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases

Question 25

In the early 1900s, most scientists thought it was _____________ that carried traits form parent to offspring.

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Lipids

Answer

DNA

Question 26

Discovered that A=T and C=G

Accepted Answer

Chargraff

Answer

Griffith

Answer

Hershey & Chase

Answer

Watson & Crick

Question 27

What two molecules make up the 'backbone' of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate and sugar

Answer

Adenine and thymine

Answer

Cytosine and guanine

Answer

phosphate and guanine

Question 28

Watson and Crick were the first to suggest that DNA is _____

Accepted Answer

the shape of a double helix

Answer

a short molecule

Answer

a protein molecule

Answer

the genetic material

Question 29

Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (This is the MONOMER of DNA.)

Accepted Answer

nucleotides

Answer

amino acids

Answer

fatty acids

Answer

polysaccharides

Question 30

Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to DNA during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA Polymerase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Primase

Question 31

The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication

Accepted Answer

helicase

Answer

replicase

Answer

polymerase

Answer

synthase

Question 32

Which of the following describes RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA is usually single-stranded and contains the base uracil

Answer

RNA is usually double-stranded and contains the base thymine

Answer

RNA is longer than DNA and uses five bases to encode information

Answer

RNA is made in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and stays there to carry out its functions

Question 33

I am a message that is translated to form a protein

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Answer

rRNA

Answer

tRNA

Answer

hRNA

Question 34

Brings amino acids to help make the growing protein

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Answer

mRNA

Answer

rRNA

Question 35

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA

Accepted Answer

Met-Pro-Val

Answer

Met-Pro-Ala-Val

Answer

Tyr-Gly-His

Answer

Tyr-Gly-Arg-His

Question 36

If a mutation occurs in a body cell, will the trait be passed onto the organism's offspring?

Accepted Answer

No, the trait is in a somatic cell

Answer

Yes, the trait is in a somatic cell

Answer

No, the trait must be in a sex cell

Answer

Yes, the trait is in a sex cell

Question 37

A type of substitution in which no  amino acids change is called

Accepted Answer

Silent

Answer

Missense

Answer

Nonsense

Answer

Deletion

Question 38

What mutation has occurred here?
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A

Accepted Answer

Substitution

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Frameshift

Question 39

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?

Accepted Answer

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

Answer

They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

Answer

They often delete things that organisms need.

Answer

Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

Question 40

Using the codon chart here or at your table to identify the amino acid sequence:
AUG-CCA-GUA-GGG-UAA

Accepted Answer

MET-PRO-VAL-GLY-STOP

Answer

MET-HIS-ALA-GLY-STOP

Answer

MET-PRO-GLY-VAL-STOP

Answer

MET-THR-SER-ASP-STOP

DNA/ RNA Test REview

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