2nd Industrial Revolution

What was the effect of the Bessemer Process on American industry and manufacturing?

• increased steel production, made steel cheaper
• led to the development of the light bulb
• advanced refrigeration techniques, allowing people to preserve food longer
• allowed Americans to harness nuclear power

How did an expansion in railroads contribute to the growth of America?

• new cities sprung up along the roads, and people moved West
• it made cities more crowded because railroads were constructed over people's farms
• the agriculture industry became more powerful
• it made the environment cleaner thus the country was more attractive to immigrants

What were 2 advances in communication during this period?

• the television and the telephone
• the intercom and Morse Code
• the telegraph and the telephone
• the telegraph and the Pony Express

What contribution did Wilbur and Orville Wright make to transportation?

• invented the Model T, the first affordable car
• created a type of steel that could be used on railroad tracks
• invented a lightweight airplane, pioneering air travel
• invented a type of engine that made ships go faster.

What inventor first implemented the Assembly Line on a large scale?

• Henry Ford
• Orville Wright
• George Westinghouse
• Andrew Carnegie

In the late 1800s, many entrepreneurs formed their businesses as ___________________, or businesses that sell portions of ownership called stock shares. 

• trusts
• corporations
• vertical integrations
• social darwinism

Trusts were legal arrangements grouping together many companies under a single board of directors. Some trusts eventually became ________________, or total ownership of a product/service to eliminate competition. example: if AT & T owned all cellphone services.

• corporation
• stockholder
• monopoly

Collective bargaining was when all union members acted together to increase their chance of negotiating with management. What strategy was often used by workers during collective bargaining?

• a work slow-down
• a strike (everyone stops working)
• a petition with all union members signing
• marching on the mayor's office and state house to change the law.

Which of the following is true of working conditions in the Second Industrial Revolution?

• factories competed with one another to offer the highest wages
• factories were often crowded, poorly ventilated, and prone to accidents
• all factories used Assembly Lines to make production more efficient
• management made sure workers were so well-trained and educated they were irreplaceable

Thomas Edison created the first commercially practical...

• lightbulb
• engine
• assembly line
• railroads