ch 12 the South Expands: Slavery and Society 1800-1860

The U.S. federal government participated in the expansion of slavery during the early to mid-1800s through which of the following?

• a. The American Colonization Society

• b. The Indian Removal Act

• c. The international slave trade

• d. The inland system

Which of the following statements describes the class of propertyless whites living in the South in the mid-nineteenth century?

• a. Propertyless whites directly benefited from the institution of slavery.

• b. They worked hard physical jobs as day laborers and enjoyed little respect from other whites

• c. Planters courted their loyalty by providing gifts and small favors to their families

• d. Propertyless whites were free but lived in conditions worse than that of many slaves

Which of these statements most accurately describes the experiences of free blacks in the early nineteenth-century United States?

• a. Most held low-wage jobs as farmworkers, day laborers, or laundresses.

• b. They constituted a majority of the African American population in the South by 1820

• c. Many free blacks would have settled in Africa had they been able to afford the trip.

• d. Most northern states passed laws banning free blacks from owning or running a business.

By 1860, the majority of African Americans lived and worked as slaves in which of the following regions?

• a. Deep South

• b. Upper South

• c. Midwest

• d. Northeast

Which of the following statements characterizes the planter elite of the Upper South in the early and mid-1800s?

• a. Many elite planters considered themselves benevolent masters.

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• b. Tidewater planters frequently questioned the morality of the domestic slave trade

• c. Planters’ embrace of republicanism weakened plantation aristocracy.

• d. Rice planters, in particular, valued Jeffersonian republican simplicity

In the cotton-growing regions of the South, which of the following was true of the gang-labor system of work?

• a. It allowed slaves to work individually and at their own pace.

• b. The labor system was primarily used on plantations with twenty or fewer slaves.

• c. Gang-labor depended upon the work of white overseers and black drivers

• d. The system controlled slave laborers without the use of violent discipline or punishment.

Which of the following statements describes the institution of slavery in the nineteenth-century South?

• a. The percentage of white slave-owning families continually increased between 1800 and 1860.

• b. Throughout the nineteenth century, most white southerners owned some slaves.

• c. Slave gangs proved to be less efficient than those who worked more independently.

• d. About 5 percent of southern whites owned 50 percent of the South’s slave population.

Why did the United States decline to annex Texas in 1837?

• a. President Van Buren feared that annexation would spark an American civil war over the issue of slavery.

• b. Texans refused to legalize slavery, which was the only condition on which southern politicians would accept Texan statehood.

• c. President Van Buren could not convince the Whig-dominated Senate to accept the treaty.

• d. The U.S. Congress refused annexation because it did not want to assume Texas’ large Mexican population.

Which of the following examples embodied the synthesis of African and American culture that existed in the South in the 1850s?

• a. Black evangelical Christianity

• b. The success of slave resistance

• c. Black and white children playing together

• d. Sexual relations between slave women and their masters

Under the task system, slaves were required to

• a. complete a precisely defined job each day.

• b. perform the same repetitive tasks every day.

• c. train their children to take over their tasks when they grew up.

• d. punish their fellow slaves who did not perform adequately.