Psych. Ch. 6 Sec 1-2

Which of the following best describes a neutral stimulus?

• a stimulus that causes an automatic response

• stimulus that has been learned

• stimulus that does not cause a response

• stimulus that is conditioned

Which of the following describes the process by which a conditioned response is extinguished?

• similar stimuli cause the same response

• stimuli that are not similar to each other cause a different response

• The conditioned response is no longer paired with an unconditional response

• a conditioned stimulus is no longer followed by an unconditioned response

In what ways does classical conditioning help animals and people?

• It helps them modify their behavior

• It helps them adapt to their environment

• it helps them learn by watching others

• it helps them modify their behavior

Through operant conditioning, people learn to control which of the following?

• unconditioned stimuli

• unconditioned responses

• involuntary biological behavior

• voluntary responses

Which of the following refers to a classical conditioning method that exposes an individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished?

• systematic desensitization

• flooding

• counterconditioning

• spontaneous recovery

Under what circumstances can punishment be effective?

• when a behavior is punished occasionally but goes unnoticed the rest of the time

• when good behavior is taken for granted

• when it is strong and consistent

• when a child is physically incapable of performing the desired behavior

Primary and secondary reinforcers are important in which of the following?

• classical conditioning

• taste aversion

• discrimination

• operant conditioning

Which of the following best describes when a variable-interval schedule provides reinforcement?

• every time an action occurs

• at an unpredictable time

• after a set amount of time

• after an action has occurred five times

Which of the following is used in learning to ride a bicycle?

• classical conditioning

• flooding

• latent learning

• shaping and chaining

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

• Someone becomes too warm in the sun moves into the shade

• A person who is hungry will work for food

• Children receive points for earning good grades that can be exchanged for snacks

• Star athletes who do not achieve the required grades are removed from the team