Cells and Cell Transport

The functions of carbohydrates and lipids are similar because

• both are a source of energy

• both are replicated during meiosis

• they lower the energy of activation for reactions

• in the digestive system the dissolve nutrients

Starches and lipids are best described as

• providing energy for the cell

• acting as trash cans for the cell

• providing the cell with strength

• being the primary materials of cell components

Proteins are found in plant and animal cells. Every protein molecule contains the element ....

• calcium

• carbon

• fluorine

• sodium

You can differentiate one protein from another by ...

• size of amino acids

• color of amino acids

• sequence of amino acids

• chemical structure of amino acids

The macromolecule that provides energy storage is ....

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

• carbohydrates

A enzyme from the human gut digest proteins, but not carbohydrates. This difference in reactions is best described by....

• the pH of the protein is different from the pH of the carbohydrate

• the enzyme can affect only one type substrate because of specificity

• the carbohydrate is too big for the enzyme to attach to the active site

• the enzyme can only affect the protein reaction because of the large size of the protein

Enzymes are important in biological systems because

• they hold all genetic information of the cell

• they are necessary to maintain moisture in the skin

• they accelerate chemical reaction rates

• they support structures to maintain body temperature

Amylase decomposes starch into maltose and dextrin. What is the role of amylase?

• inhibits insulin production

• enzyme that aids in digestion

• catalyst for protein synthesis

• receptor of fatty acid chains

The process that uses energy to carry particles across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient that helps maintain homeostasis is

• facilitated diffusion

• passive transport

• active transport

• osmosis

The cell type that uses the greatest amount of ATP to maintain proper sodium and potassium levels in its cytoplasm is

• blood cell

• muscle cell

• nerve cell

• sperm cell