Chapter 13: The South

Which of the following statements best describes free African Americans in the 1860s?

• Some of them were descendants of refugees from the Haitian Revolution

• All of them moved to free states in the North after gaining their freedom

• Many of them joined labor unions to help them bargain for higher wages

• None of them had been willingly set free by their slaveholders

Many planters used the gang-labor system, in which all field hands

• were trained to do different tasks.

• focused on the same task at the same time.

• worked in regular shifts

• decided how to organize the day’s work.

Long-staple cotton differed from short-staple cotton in that it was

• much cheaper.

• easier to grow.

• easier to process.

• sold to Great Britain.

Enslaved parents passed down their culture to their children by

• reading biblical tales of the exodus from slavery.

• sharing their family histories and telling folktales.

• singing Christian songs about freedom.

• demonstrating kindness to their slaveholders.

How was life in southern cities similar to plantation life in the 1800s?

• Public education was widely available.

• Local governments funded water systems.

• Slaves did most of the work.

• Business owners maintained streets.

While some slaves tried to escape permanently, most left only for short periods, often to

• attend church.

• get medical attention.

• visit relatives.

• study in secret.

Nat Turner led a rebellion of slaves against slaveholders because he

• had watched his father die as a result of a beating by his slaveholder.

• believed that God had told him to end slavery.

• was inspired by the success of other violent slave revolts.

• had tried and failed at non-violent methods of resistance.

Unlike slaves who worked the fields, slaves working in the planters’ house usually

• received payment.

• had better food, clothing, and shelter.

• worked shorter hours.

• did not work when they were sick.

Tredegar Iron Works can best be described as a

• northern company that specialized in turning iron into steel by heating it.

• northern mine that provided coal to manufacturers of iron products.

• southern factory that turned iron into useful products like cannons and steam engines.

• southern manufacturing plant that produced locomotives for privately-owned companies.

Skilled slaves had an advantage over unskilled slaves because they were sometimes allowed to

• work shorter hours.

• move from plantation to plantation.

• live in their owner’s house.

• earn money and eventually buy their freedom.