Disease Unit Review

Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and green algae are all microbes, but one group is much smaller in size than the rest. Which microbe is the smallest?

• a bacteria

• a virus

• a parasitic worm

• a foot fungi

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, protozoa, and certain fungi. Which of the following statements is true about most microorganisms?

• They can be seen with the naked eye.

• They are single­-celled organisms

• They reproduce sexually.

• They have specialized organelles.

Influenza, strep throat, measles, and the common cold are all infectious diseases. Which of the following methods can be used to prevent getting an infectious disease?

• not washing fruit before eating it

• touching an infected keyboard

• petting a sick animal

• washing your hands before eating

A pandemic is a disease outbreak that impacts a very large region. Two historical examples of this include the Spanish flu, which resulted in the deaths of between 20 million and 50 million people in 1918, and the Asian flu, which resulted in the deaths of about 2 million people in 1957.

Which of the following factors contributes the most to influenza pandemics? Find the statement that is TRUE.

• Influenza viruses spread easily from person to person.

• Influenza viruses can only be passed from parents to offspring.

• People become immune to the influenza virus once they have it.

• Influenza viruses can easily be treated with antibiotics.

The flu virus can be found on surfaces, such as tabletops and doorknobs, that have made contact with an infected individual's nasal secretions. Salmonella is a bacteria that can be found in food, where it can cause food poisoning. Fungi can live in many different environments, including locker rooms, where they can cause athlete's foot or ringworm.

Based on this information, it is possible to conclude that

• humans should avoid receiving vaccinations to prevent disease

• humans are constantly interacting with other organisms that can cause disease.

• disease­ causing organisms are more likely to be present in food than anywhere else.

• there are no substances available that can kill disease­ causing organisms.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Once a human is infected with a virus, bacterium, fungus, or parasite, how do these organisms cause disease?

• They interfere with the human's normal body functions.

• They increase in size until they are larger than the human.

• They decrease the human's basic needs.

• They only affect the human's future offspring.

Staphylococcus aureus is a type of bacterium that can cause infections in humans. These bacteria can exist for long periods of time in air, dust, water, and food, as well as on environmental surfaces.

Rhinovirus is a type of virus that can cause the common cold in humans. Rhinovirus cannot survive outside of a human host for more than a few hours.

Which of the following best describes a major difference between bacteria and viruses?

• Viruses cannot survive without a living host, whereas bacteria can often live and grow outside of the human body.

• Bacteria cannot survive without a living host, whereas viruses can often live and grow outside of the human body.

• Bacteria can cause infections in the human body, whereas there are no types of viruses that can cause infections.

• Viruses can cause infections in the human body, whereas there are no types of bacteria that can cause infections.

According to the table shown above

• all infections are caused by the same type of microorganism.

• all types of infections can be treated with the same type of medication.

• different types of infections are treated with different types of medication.

• different microorganisms cause the same types of infections.

Which of the following statements explains how bacteria and viruses reproduce?

• Bacteria and viruses both need to attach to host cells to reproduce.

• Viruses and bacteria can both reproduce without attaching to host cells.

• Viruses need to attach to host cells to reproduce, but bacteria do not.

• Bacteria need to attach to host cells to reproduce, but viruses do not.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Infectious agents vary in their size and shape. Which infectious agent tends to be the smallest?

• parasites

• viruses

• fungi

• bacteria