Cattle/Cotton/Railroads/Oil

**1. Which of the following statements about Texas longhorn cattle is accurate?

• They were originally brought to Texas by American settlers.

• They are strong cattle well suited to the Texas climate.

• They originated in California but thrived in Texas.

• They are known for their short legs, which gave them great stabiltiy on the plains.

**2. Why did the practice of cattle drives begin in Texas?

• The cattle were dying off in Texas and needed to be relocated.

• The Goodnight Loving Trail led to New Orleans.

• The price of beef was low in Texas but high in other parts of the United States.

• The cattle were running out of food.

**3. Which of the following was a major reason for the decline of the open range in Texas in the late 1800s?

• The cattle trails destroyed the land.

• The land was over-grazed by the cattle.

• The government closed off the land.

• The invention of barbed wire.

**4. Why did many Texas farmers switch to dry farming?

• Farmers wanted to try new methods on dry, West Texas land.

• Dry farming was the least expensive method.

• Dry farming made the crops grow faster.

• Dry farming does not exist.

**5. What was a danger faced by cowboys on a cattle drive?

• Wild hog attacks

• Cattle stampedes

• Getting lost

• The cattle trail being closed.

**6. Which means of transportation did NOT contribute to the urbanization of Texas in the late 1800s?

• automobiles

• steamboats

• horses

• railroads

**7. Why was a new labor system needed in Texas agriculture after the Civil War?

• Cotton was no longer an important crop in Texas.

• Enslaved workers were no longer available to work on Texas plantations.

• Sharecropping and tenant farming were easy ways to gain wealth.

• All the farm workers in the South went on strike.

**8. What launched “the Age of Oil” in Texas?

• the discovery of oil at Corsicana

• the discovery of oil at Galveston

• the discovery of oil at The Colony

• the discovery of oil at

**9. What was a boomtown like?

• Safe, family-oriented towns

• Large cities.

• Very small towns with very few people.

• Places where the population often swelled and then declined significantly.

**10. What effect did the success of the oil industry have on the Texas economy?

• It led to growth in the cattle industry and cotton production.

• It let to growth in oil refining, shipping, lumber, and other support industries.

• .It led to fewer jobs in Texas.

• It resulted in economic dependence on a single industry.