Era Overview: The First Global Age, 1400–1800

Globalization is the process by which

• the world turns on its axis every 24 hours creating night and day.

• humans follow their natural tendency to focus only on issues within their own nation.

• regions, peoples, and economies of the world are becoming increasingly interconnected.

• humans limit the movement of ideas, products, and people around the globe.

Renaissance refers to a period in history

• that is also known as Japan’s golden age, during which culture flourished led by Japan’s aristocrats.

• during which the Byzantine Empire spread across Europe and Asia, giving rise to the Eastern Orthodox Church.

• during which Athens rose to a position of prominence and became the cultural center of Greece.

• which began in Italy and was notable for the rebirth of classic Greek ideals.

Westernization refers to the spread of

• Islamic ideas and values to Europe and the Western world.

• Europe’s cultural influence around the world.

• Christianity throughout northern and western Europe.

• Asian seafaring techniques to Europe and Africa.

Absolutism refers to

• a form of rule in which monarchs centralized power and authority under their rule.

• a series of military advances that resulted from the development of gunpowder weaponry.

• a free market economic system based on private enterprise and the investment of profits from business.

• the rapid expansion of trade and commerce that transformed Europe, beginning in the 16th century.

Divine right refers to the notion that

• monarchs could rule only with the consent and advice of the people.

• gunpowder weaponry was given to certain nations by God so that they would become powerful.

• government was more efficient when it had an organized body of officials to administer the state.

• absolute monarchs gained their power from God.

The gunpowder revolution

• led to the destruction of the Ottoman Empire.

• increased the military power of empire builders in Europe and Asia.

• prevented Asian nations from building up any kind of empire.

• strengthened the Catholic Church and weakened European monarchs.

A bureaucracy is

• a free market economic system based on private enterprise and the investment of profits from business.

• a rapid expansion of trade and commerce, such as that which happened in Europe starting in the 16th century.

• a an organized body of officials of various levels used to administer a state.

• a system of rule in which a monarch or other ruler enjoys unlimited power.

The Commercial Revolution refers to a time during which

• business in Europe expanded rapidly, fueled by overseas trade and colonization.

• military advances were made possible because of the development of gunpowder weaponry.

• European monarchs enjoyed unlimited power.

• European nations began to form bureaucracies for more efficient administration of their governments.

Capitalism is

• an organized body of officials of various levels who administer a state.

• the notion that a ruler’s power is derived from God and cannot be questioned.

• a system of rule in which a monarch or other ruler enjoys unlimited power.

• an economic system based on private enterprise.

Secular ideas relate to

• the reform movement known as the Counter-Reformation, which was promoted by the Catholic Church.

• beliefs and practices that are non-religious and related to concerns of the world.

• the calls for reform of church practices during the Reformation.

• beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church.