Multilingualism and Multilingual Development

Another word for an assimilationist view of language is:

• Holistic

• Pluralist

• Fractional

• Additive

Knowledge of how language is used in context is called:

• Translanguaging

• Communicative competence

• Code-switching

• Language brokering

Which of the following is a hallmark of a holistic view of bilingualism?

• Cognitive separation of languages

• Proficiency is measured according to specific skills

• Communicative repertoire

• Comparisons to native speakers

Simultaneous language acquisition usually begins before the age of:

• 1

• 3

• 5

• 12

The name given to loss of skills when a language is no longer used is:

• Translanguaging

• Language attrition

• Code-switching

• Semilingualism

Code-switching is not:

• Random

• Systematic

• Purposeful

• Useful

Language brokering can help immigrant children with:

• Acculturation

• Language acquisition

• Academic success

• All of the above

In the context of additive bilingualism, the L2 is not associated with:

• Social value

• Respect

• Shame

• Prestige

Subtractive bilingualism is not associated with:

• Loss of identity

• A sense that one's language and culture are inferiority

• The home language being replaced by the L2

• Positive views toward one's home language

Children's shift to speaking only the dominant language can:

• Strengthen family ties

• Isolate generations

• Lead to deeper and more complex conversations

• Make parents proud