Biology Midterm Review - Mr. Jones

What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell?

• It will be unable to carry out respiration.

• It will lose water through osmosis.

• It will break down the ribosomes in the cell.

• It will be unable to photosynthesize.

What structure is found in a plant cell but is absent in an animal cell?

• Mitochondria

• Vacuole

• Nucleus

• Chloroplast

How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar?

• Both contain a nucleus.

• Both contain ribosomes.

• Both contain membrane-bound organelles.

• Both contain cell walls.

What process best explains how a nerve cell and a muscle cell can both develop from the same fertilized egg?

• Differentiation

• Natural selection

• Selective breeding

• Genetic engineering

Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?

• A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells.

• Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells.

• Muscle cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells.

• Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart.

How does DNA code for proteins in a cell?

• By creating a new double helix structure

• By using its phosphate and sugar molecules

• By adding more hydrogen bonds to its structure

• By arranging certain nitrogen bases in a particular order

During strenuous exercise, body temperature increases. The body responds to the increase in temperature by sweating, which helps to reduce the body temperature. Which is demonstrated in this situation?

• Excretion

• Metabolism

• Homeostasis

• Synthesis

A freshwater plant is placed in a container of saltwater. What will most likely happen to the cells of the plant?

• They will swell because water will move into them.

• They will swell because salt will move into them.

• They will shrink because water will move out of them.

• They will shrink because salt will move out of them.

Before mitosis begins, which happens before the nucleus starts dividing?

• The cytoplasm separates

• The DNA replicates

• The sister chromatids separate

• The homologous chromosomes cross over

During which phase of the cell cycle is the cell growing and preparing for cellular division?

• Cytokinesis

• Anaphase

• Prophase

• Interphase