World History: Unresolved Global Conflict (1914-1945)

Peter's Court Palais, 29 July 1914

Nicholas II sent to Willelm II

Am glad you are back. In this serious moment, I appeal to you to help me. An ignoble war has been declared to a weak country. The indignation in Russia shared fully by me is enormous. I foresee that very soon I shall be overwhelmed by the pressure forced upon me and be forced to take extreme measures which will lead to war. To try and avoid such a calamity as a European war I beg you in the name of our old friendship to do what you can to stop your allies from going too far.

Which war is most closely associated with the telegram Nicholas II sent to Willelm II?

• the Franco-Prussian War

• the Russo-Japanese War

• World War I

• World War II

Peter's Court Palais, 29 July 1914

Nicholas II sent to Willelm II

Am glad you are back. In this serious moment, I appeal to you to help me. An ignoble war has been declared to a weak country. The indignation in Russia shared fully by me is enormous. I foresee that very soon I shall be overwhelmed by the pressure forced upon me and be forced to take extreme measures which will lead to war. To try and avoid such a calamity as a European war I beg you in the name of our old friendship to do what you can to stop your allies from going too far.

What of these following events led to the writing of the telegram?

• the French Revolution

• the Russo-Japanese War

• the Treaty of Versailles

• the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Peter's Court Palais, 29 July 1914

Nicholas II sent to Willelm II

Am glad you are back. In this serious moment, I appeal to you to help me. An ignoble war has been declared to a weak country. The indignation in Russia shared fully by me is enormous. I foresee that very soon I shall be overwhelmed by the pressure forced upon me and be forced to take extreme measures which will lead to war. To try and avoid such a calamity as a European war I beg you in the name of our old friendship to do what you can to stop your allies from going too far.

Which conclusion is best supported by the telegram?

• Russia started to mobilize for war against Serbia.

• Nicholas II condemned the efforts of Wilhelm II.

• Russia supported the use of extreme measures.

• Nicholas II hoped diplomacy would prevent war.

William L. Langer (1896-1977) was an American soldier who served on the Western Front during World War I and later became a historian. In 1965, he wrote the memoir Gas and Flame in World War I about his experiences in World War I.

... A weary, exhausted, nerve-racked group of men it was indeed that, about noon November 1, assembled in a gully north of Sommerance [France] to rest and dig in for the night. The artillery was still firing furiously, but the enemy's barrage [bombardment] had ceased very suddenly about 10:00 a.m. and now only occasional shells from long-range rifles would explode in the vicinity. The weather was gloomy and the moist air chilled one to the bones. Yet it was with that meticulous [methodical] care that is characteristic of worn-out men, that we prepared our foxholes, carrying boards and iron sheeting from abandoned machine-gunners' dugouts in order to make our "houses" as comfortable as possible, even though only for one night....

Source: William L. Langer, Gas and Flame in World War I, 1965

Which means of warfare is described in this passage?

• guerilla

• nuclear

• biological

• trench

William L. Langer (1896-1977) was an American soldier who served on the Western Front during World War I and later became a historian. In 1965, he wrote the memoir Gas and Flame in World War I about his experiences in World War I.

... A weary, exhausted, nerve-racked group of men it was indeed that, about noon November 1, assembled in a gully north of Sommerance [France] to rest and dig in for the night. The artillery was still firing furiously, but the enemy's barrage [bombardment] had ceased very suddenly about 10:00 a.m. and now only occasional shells from long-range rifles would explode in the vicinity. The weather was gloomy and the moist air chilled one to the bones. Yet it was with that meticulous [methodical] care that is characteristic of worn-out men, that we prepared our foxholes, carrying boards and iron sheeting from abandoned machine-gunners' dugouts in order to make our "houses" as comfortable as possible, even though only for one night....

Source: William L. Langer, Gas and Flame in World War I, 1965

Based on this excerpt, which statement best describes the author’s point of view?

• Warfare in World War I was characterized by fast-paced fighting over long distances.

• Warfare in World War I included regular triumphat celebrations.

• Warfare in World War I required expert use of horses.

• Warfare in World War I was dangerous and tiring for soldiers.

William L. Langer (1896-1977) was an American soldier who served on the Western Front during World War I and later became a historian. In 1965, he wrote the memoir Gas and Flame in World War I about his experiences in World War I.

... A weary, exhausted, nerve-racked group of men it was indeed that, about noon November 1, assembled in a gully north of Sommerance [France] to rest and dig in for the night. The artillery was still firing furiously, but the enemy's barrage [bombardment] had ceased very suddenly about 10:00 a.m. and now only occasional shells from long-range rifles would explode in the vicinity. The weather was gloomy and the moist air chilled one to the bones. Yet it was with that meticulous [methodical] care that is characteristic of worn-out men, that we prepared our foxholes, carrying boards and iron sheeting from abandoned machine-gunners' dugouts in order to make our "houses" as comfortable as possible, even though only for one night....

Source: William L. Langer, Gas and Flame in World War I, 1965

This document would be most useful to a person examining

• the lives of the soldiers in the 20th century

• effects of the Treaty of Versailles

• cause of World War I

• the effects of World War I on the Americans in the United States

". . . The replacement of the bourgeois by the proletarian state is impossible without a violent revolution. The abolition of the proletarian state, i.e., of all states, is only possible through 'withering away.' . . ."

— V. I. Lenin, State and Revolution

This quotation is associated with the principles of

• imperialism

• capitalism

• communism

• militarism

". . . The replacement of the bourgeois by the proletarian state is impossible without a violent revolution. The abolition of the proletarian state, i.e., of all states, is only possible through 'withering away.' . . ."

— V. I. Lenin, State and Revolution

This quotation was most likely written during which historical period?

• 1900-1930

• 1945-1990

• 1800-1870

• 1789-1799

". . . The replacement of the bourgeois by the proletarian state is impossible without a violent revolution. The abolition of the proletarian state, i.e., of all states, is only possible through 'withering away.' . . ."

— V. I. Lenin, State and Revolution

The ideas in this quotation inspired

• the Industrial Revolution

• the Cuban Revolution

• the Haitian Revolution

• the Russian Revolution

Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.

"It took the Big Four just five hours and twenty five minutes here in Munich today to dispel the clouds of war and come to an agreement over the partition of Czechoslovakia. There is to be no European war, after all. There is to be peace, and the price of that peace is, roughly, the ceding by Czechoslovakia of the Sudeten territory to Herr Hitler's Germany. The German

Führer gets what he wanted, only he has to wait a little longer for it. Not much longer though — only ten days. . . ."

Source: William Shirer, recording of CBS radio report from Prague, September 29, 1938

The policy that France, Britain, and Italy chose to follow at this meeting is known as

• appeasement

• self-determination

• liberation

• pacification