U8 Review

Instinct theory is most closely related to the _____ perspective of psychology.

• evolutionary

• arousal

• self-actualization

• cognitive

Which of these is a conclusion that can be drawn from the Yerkes-Dodson law?

• Performance on easy tasks is best when arousal is low.

• Performance is best when arousal is extremely high.

• Performance is best when arousal is extremely low.

• Performance on difficult tasks is best when arousal is high.

• Performance is best when arousal is moderate.

Which of the following is the most basic motive in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

• belongingness and love

• physiological

• esteem

• self-actualization

• self-transcendence

Which of the following is a difference between a drive and a need?

• Needs are learned; drives are inherited

• Needs are physiological states; drives are psychological states

• Drives are generally stronger than needs

• Needs are generally stronger than drives

Instinct theory and drive-reduction theory both emphasize _____ factors in motivation.

• environmental

• cognitive

• psychological

• biological

Which of the following is inconsistent with the drive-reduction theory of motivation?

• When body temperature drops below 98.6° Fahrenheit, blood vessels constrict to conserve warmth.

• A person is driven to seek a drink when his or her cellular water level drops below its optimum point.

• Monkeys will work puzzles even if not given a food reward.

• A person becomes hungry when body weight falls below its biological set point.

Maria loves hang-gliding. It would be most difficult to explain her behavior according to:

• incentives

• achievement motivation

• drive-reduction theory

• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Increases in insulin will

• lower blood sugar and trigger hunger.

• raise blood sugar and trigger hunger.

• lower blood sugar and trigger satiety.

• raise blood sugar and trigger satiety.

In animals, destruction of the lateral hypothalamus results in _____, whereas destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus results in _____.

• overeating; loss of hunger

• loss of hunger; overeating

• an elevated set point; a lowered set point

• increased thirst; loss of thirst

The research of Masters and Johnson found that in the sexual response cycle

• resolution is the final phase.

• orgasm is the final phase.

• plateau is the final phase.

• excitement follows plateau.

• plateau follows resolution.