The diagram depicts the process of crossing over, which occurs between homologous chromosomes during gamete formation.

What is the result of this process?

• An increase in offspring variation

• The deletion of amino acids in proteins

• An increase in mutations in genetic material

• The production of gametes that are genetically identical

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

In a particular species of mice, a single gene (B or b) determines tail length. The short-tail allele is sex-linked and dominant. Shading in the pedigree below indicates that an individual has a short tail. The pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of the short-tail allele over three generations of mice.

Individual 6 is female. What is the genotype of individual 6?

• X^BX^b

• X^bX^b

• X^BY

• X^bY

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Which statement describes crossing over as it occurs in meiosis?

• The alleles of the gene separate

• Spindle Fibers pull apart sister chromatids.

• Genes moves to opposite ends of the chromosomes.

• Homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA.

Which method do scientists use to confirm that crossing over occurs?

• cloning

• dihybrid crosses

• gel electrophoresis

• genetic engineering

A student is studying feather color inheritance in a certain species of chickens observes that the chickens that have black (homozygous), blue (heterozygous), or white (homozygous) feathers. The student hypothesizes that the feather color traits follows the incomplete dominance inheritance pattern.

Which data table would support the student's hypothesis?

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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In Labrador retriever dog, the black coat color allele (B) is dominant over the chocolate coat color allele (b). However, some litters produce dogs that have a yellow coat color. Scientists have determined this is because of a second gene that can influence coat color. If this eumelanin gene is recessive for both is recessive for both alleles (e), the dog's coat will be yellow regardless of the alleles for the other coat color gene.

A dog breeder sets up a cross between a dog that is homozygous dominant for color (BB) and heterozygous for eumelanin (Ee) with a dog that is homozygous recessive for coat color (bb) and heterozygous for eumalanin (Ee).

Place the dogs in the Punnett sqaure to show the color coat that would result from this cross.

1.) You may use each dog more than once

2.) You should fill all the blank boxes in the Punnett Square.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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The diagram shows four different cells from the same animal.

Which statement about the cells is accurate?

• The four cells have identical DNA sequences.

• Cell 3 and Cell 4 have the longest DNA sequences because they have longer shapes.

• The four cells are different shapes because they come from different parent organisms.

• Cell 1 and Cell 2 have all of the same active genes even though they are from different body systems.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

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• "CGTAACC” in the DNA box; AND “UGCAUUGG” in the mRNA box

• “ACGTATCC” in the DNA box; AND “UGCAUAGG” in the mRNA box

• “ACGTTGGC” in the DNA box; AND “UGCAACCG” in the mRNA box

• “ACGTACCC” in the DNA box; AND “UGCAUGGG” in the mRNA box

• “TBCTACCC” in the DNA box; AND “ACGAUGGG” in the mRNA box

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

From an evolutionary perspective, what is the significance of reproductive isolation developing between two populations within a species?

• Speciation due to reproductive isolation in extinction of the ancestral species.

• When two population cannot interbreed, the flow of genetic information between them stops.

• Over time, reproductive isolation leads to increasing competition between the populations.

• When the size of breeding populations decreases, the mutation rate decreases resulting in greater fitness.

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How does natural selection affect populations?

• By creating variation individuals that allows them to better adapt to changing environmental conditions.

• By increasing the rate of beneficial mutations which allow individuals to increase their rate of reproduction.

• By reducing variation between individuals in a population thereby making the population more homogeneous and likely to survive.

• By acting on variations between individuals that make some better adapted to their environment and more likely to survive and reproduce.

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