Human Microbiome: The Role of Microbes in Human Health

2. What information in the text supports the following statement?
Some species of bacteria benefit humans.

• A S. mutans is a bacterium that causes cavities, and S. pneumonia is a bacterium that causes pneumonia.
• B Fungi evolved the ability to produce anti-bacterial chemicals as they competed with bacteria over millions of years.
• C The bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes causes strep throat and rheumatic heart disease.
• D Species of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacteroides help the human body digest food.

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3. What information in the text supports the following statement?
Bacteria that are helpful in one place may be harmful in another.

• A Heliobacter pylori is a bacterium that causes gastritis (irritation or inflammation of the stomach lining) and peptic ulcers, diseases which were once thought to be caused by too much acid.
• B Streptococcus salivarius appears to help prevent tooth decay in the mouth but can bedangerous to people with weakened immune systems if it gets outside the mouth.
• C Bacillus subtilis releases toxic chemicals to kill fungus, possibly including Trichophytoninterdigitale and other species that cause athlete’s foot.
• D Skin, which is our interface with the world, supports a large number of the human body’s most diverse populations of bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis.

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4. What is the central idea of this text?

• A Microbes first appeared over 3.5 billion years ago and have coevolved with humans over the past six million years.
• B Studies suggest that rapidly increasing antibiotic use in the United States has reduced thediversity of our microbiomes.
• C Bacteroides are the most numerous bacteria in the human body and help it digest food.
• D The human body is an ecosystem made up of microbes that play a variety of roles in human health.

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5. Read these sentences from the text.
“Perhaps not surprisingly, skin—our interface with the world—supports a large number of the body’s most diverse populations of bacteria. There are at least 1,000 different species of skin bacteria, along with dozens of fungi and other microbes. Most aren’t harmful, and many protect us.”
Based on this information, what is the meaning of the word “diverse”?

• A having a lot of variety
• B being harmful to others
• C being helpful to others
• D moving from one place to another

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6. Read the following sentence from the text.
Fungi evolved the ability to produce anti-bacterial chemicals as they competed with bacteria over millions of years of evolution.
What is the meaning of the word evolved as it is used in the sentence?

• A lessened
• B blocked
• C developed
• D defined

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1. What is the human microbiome?

• A all of the communities of microbes in and on the human body
• B a drug that destroys helpful bacteria along with harmful bacteria
• C a species of bacteria that helps protect humans against asthma
• D a group of people in developed countries who are infected with Heliobacter pylori

A diverse group of microbes might look like

• only E.coli bacteria in the gut

• 3 different microbes in the gut

• Dozens of different microbes in the gut

Resiliency means

• to continue causing a disturbance

• to bounce back after a disturbance

• to have multiple options

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When someone takes an antibiotic, we would call that a _______________ to the microbiome community.

• disturbance

• resiliency

• recovery

• diversity

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