Module 41: AP Psychology

One night Samar became frightened when she was startled by a noise while walking down the street alone. Which theory of emotion would say that her fear resulted from the startle response alone?

• James-Lange

• Cannon-Bard

• Two-factor

• Lazarus'

• Schachter-Singer's

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion states that

• emotional response occurs before cognition.

• physiological response occurs before emotional response.

• emotional response occurs before physiological response.

• cognition occurs before emotional response.

• physiological response and emotion occur independently and simultaneously.

The basic components of emotion are

• sympathetic arousal, parasympathetic inhibition, and cognitive labeling.

• physical gestures, facial expressions, and psychological drives.

• expressive behaviors, physiological arousal, and conscious experience.

• cognition, affect, and behavior.

• physiological reaction, psychological reaction, biopsychosocial reaction.

Which of the following suggests that the experience of emotion results from an awareness of our own physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event?

• Cannon-Bard theory

• catharsis hypothesis

• James-Lange theory

• adaptation-level phenomenon

• relative deprivation principle

Vlad was romantically interested in Ariana. Based on research by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer, if Vlad wishes to increase the odds that she will return his interest, he should

• take her to dinner at her favorite restaurant.

• play soft music for her on the piano.

• bring her a dozen red roses.

• take her rock climbing.

• buy a puzzle that they can both put together.

The two-factor theory of emotion was proposed by

• Walter Cannon and Philip Bard.

• Robert Zajonc and Richard Lazarus.

• James and Carl Lange.

• Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer.

• John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner.

According to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are ________ and ________.

• facial expressions; a cognitive label

• emotion-arousing events; physical arousal

• physical arousal; overt behavior

• a cognitive label; physical arousal

• conscious experience; unconscious experience

Vaseem experienced excessive fear while flying because he interpreted his rapid heart rate, shallow breathing, and heavy perspiration as a reaction to the imminent danger of a plane crash. When his psychotherapist convinced him that this physical arousal was simply a harmless reaction to acceleration, cabin pressure, and confined space, his fear of flying was greatly reduced. The reduction in Vaseem's fear is best understood in terms of the

• James-Lange theory.

• two-factor theory.

• adaptation-level principle.

• relative deprivation principle.

• catharsis hypothesis.

One problem with the use of the polygraph for lie detection is that

• polygraph assessments are more expensive than brain scans.

• anxiety, irritation, and guilt feelings all prompt similar physiological reactivity.

• emotions involve expressive behaviors as well as autonomic nervous system arousal.

• innocent people are presumed to be guilty at the very beginning of any lie detector test.

• polygraphs can cause autonomic nerve damage in rare cases.

Which of the following best describes task performance?

• It is best when physiological arousal is moderate.

• It is worst when physiological arousal is moderate.

• It is best when physiological arousal is low.

• It is best when physiological arousal is high.

• It is mediocre when physiological arousal is moderate.