Biology LEAP Review

Which of the following best compares the structures of lipids and carbohydrates?

• both are made of monosaccharide monomers but lipids are hydrophobic and carbohydrates are hydrophilic
• both consist of carbon hydrogen and oxygen, but carbohydrates have repeating structural units and lipids do not
• both contain carbon and hydrogen, but carbohydrates also contain oxygen while lipids contain nitrogen
• both have a carbon backbone, but lipids have an amino group and carbohydrates have a carboxylic acid group

Which of the following best describes the differences in function between enzymes and nucleic acids?

• nucleic acids are the building blocks of proteins while enzymes are used as the building blocks of phospholipids
• nucleic acids contain the genetic code for protein synthesis, while enzymes catalyze chemical reactions
• nucleic acids inhibit chemical reactions, while enzymes provide structural support in cells
• nucleic acids transmit signals that begin biochemical reactions, while enzymes convert carbohydrates to lipids and proteins

 Which of the following characteristics defines a cell as eukaryotic?

• Being able to move
• Being able to reproduce
• Having a nucleus
• Having ribosomes

Which statement correctly compares a eukaryote and a prokaryote?

• eukaryotes have a cell wall while prokaryotes have a cell membrane
• eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles are prokaryotes have few  specialized structures
• eukaryotes use active transport to move substances across a cell  membrane, while prokaryotes use facilitated diffusion
• eukaryotes use flagella to move themselves through substances, while prokaryotes can't move at all

The diagram below represents a cell of a green plant. 
Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in which structure?

• A
• B
• C
• D

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

The diagram below represents a cell
Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins? 

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?

• The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.
• The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums.
• The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient.
• The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution. 

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell?

• passive transport by diffusion
• active transport using ATP
• passive transport by osmosis
• phagocytosis

During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for.
• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a change in phenotype.
• Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur.
• It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which row in the chart below indicates the correct process for each event indicated? 

• row one
• row two
• row three
• row four

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4