Unit 5 Review (Reform/Inventions)

Beginning in 1831, William Lloyd Garrison edited an abolitionist newspaper called The Liberator. His views upset many people. He went to jail in Baltimore for libel, was attacked and nearly killed by a mob in Boston, and the Georgia legislature offered money to anyone who brought him to the state to be put on trial. Garrison stopped publishing The Liberator after the 13th Amendment passed in 1865.

The life of William Lloyd Garrison demonstrates the importance of what feature of a constitutional republic?

• freedom of the press as a way to bring about change

• a legal system that limits the spread of unpopular views

• public demonstrations to carry out the will of the majority

• legislative action to protect citizens from dangerous activities

We made arrangements last night, and sent away Harriet Tubman, with six men and one woman to Allen Agnew’s, to be forwarded across the country to the city. Harriet, and one of the men had worn their shoes off their feet, and I gave them two dollars to help fit them out, and directed a carriage to be hired at my expense, to take them out . . . .

—Letter from Thomas Garrett to James Miller McKim, December 29, 1854

• He was interested in finding laborers to work in his factory.

• He was helping prospectors travel to California during the gold rush.

• He was assisting slaves as they escaped on the Underground Railroad.

• He was providing support for immigrants settling in their new country.

In 1848, people gathered at a convention in Seneca Falls, New York, to discuss equal rights for women. In her opening speech, Elizabeth Cady Stanton said, “we are assembled to protest against a form of government existing without the consent of the governed.” The convention later wrote and adopted a “Declaration of Sentiments” that stated, “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal . . . .” It also declared, “We shall employ agents, circulate tracts, petition the state and national legislatures, and endeavor to enlist the pulpit and the press in our behalf.”

The Seneca Falls Convention demonstrates the importance of what feature of a constitutional republic?

• freedom of speech and of the press as means to call for change

• the ability to abolish a government that has laws people dislike

• requiring the support of a majority to have ideas heard in public

• the creation of new laws by writing declarations at public meetings

Around one hundred reformers attended a convention held in Seneca Falls, New York, in July 1848. This convention adopted a “Declaration of Sentiments” that read in part: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal . . . .”

How did the ideas expressed at the Seneca Falls Convention affect life in the United States?

• More citizens organized to support women’s rights.

• The Supreme Court agreed to uphold women’s rights.

• States threatened to secede to avoid granting women rights.

• Congress limited women’s rights to assemble and petition the government.

[A]t the present time there are not less than 50,000 miles in successful operation on this continent, having over 1400 stations, and employing upwards of 10,000 operators and clerks. The number of messages passing over all the lines in this country annually is estimated at upwards of 5,000,000, producing a revenue of $2,000,000 . . . . In connection with the railroad and the steamboat, it has already achieved one important national result. It has made possible, on this continent, a wide-spread, yet closely linked, empire of States, such as our fathers never imagined.

—The Atlantic Monthly, March 1860

This excerpt describes some of the effects of which invention?

• the radio

• the telegraph

• the telephone

• the phonograph

Use the list to answer the question.

• Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845)

• Josiah Henson, The Life of Josiah Henson (1849)

• Henry Brown, Narrative of the Life of Henry Box Brown (1851)

• Solomon Northup, Twelve Years a Slave (1853)

• James Pennington, The Fugitive Blacksmith (1849)

What BEST describes the authors of the works on this list?

• former slaves who told their stories to support abolition

• politicians who published pamphlets regarding abolition

• journalists who reported on the treatment of slaves on southern plantations

• novelists who presented slaves as the main characters of their fictional works

From the 1790s to the 1830s, a religious movement called the Second Great Awakening influenced American society. Methodists and Baptists were the leading religious groups in this revival, but members of other religious groups were affected, as well. Thousands attended camp meetings, where preachers led people in prayer. Many of the social reform movements of that time—such as the abolitionism and temperance—were led by people inspired by their religious experiences as a result of this movement.

Which statement BEST explains how American democracy made the Second Great Awakening possible?

• People gathered at religious events to discuss political issues.

• Government provided financial support to hold religious events.

• Preachers used religious events to campaign for election to public office.

• Religious events could take place because religious freedom was guaranteed.

The master, as the head of the system, has a right to the obedience and labor of the slave, but the slave has also his mutual rights in the master; the right of protection, the right of counsel and guidance, the right of subsistence [enough to live on], the right of care and attention in sickness and old age.

—E.N. Elliot, Cotton is King, and Pro-Slavery Arguments, 1860

• free trade

• racial inequality

• women’s suffrage

• socialist government

Use the list of events to answer the question that follows.

1831 – William Lloyd Garrison began publishing The Liberator

1833 – The American Anti-Slavery Society was established

1837 – The first Antislavery Convention of American Women was held

1845 – Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was published

1850 – Harriet Tubman led escaped slaves to freedom on the Underground Railroad for the first time

What event MOST belongs on this list?

• 1825 – The Erie Canal was completed

• 1844 – The first telegraph message was sent

• 1852 – Uncle Tom’s Cabin was published

• 1859 – Oregon was admitted as a state

One of my primary objectives is to form the tools so that the tools themselves shall fashion the work and give to every part its just proportions, which once accomplished, will give exceptional uniformity to the whole.

—Letter from Eli Whitney to Secretary of the Treasury Oliver Wolcott, July 30, 1799

• lighting homes with electricity

• growing crops using fewer workers

• traveling on steam-powered vehicles

• manufacturing goods with interchangeable parts