2019 AP Psych Development P5

The experiments conducted by Harry & Margaret Harlow demonstrated that attachment derives from

• an association with nourishment

• shared gender

• time spent with caregivers

• comfort and security

• genetic imprinting

The experiments conducted by Konrad Lorenz showed that

• comfort is a key component

• instincts to attach vary widely in a species

• species will often bond better with an animal of another species

• attachment forms during a critical period

• attachments to inanimate objects are easily reversed

The experiments conducted by Mary Ainsworth showed that

• all infants who experience secure attachment handle their mother's departure in the same manner.

• attachment styles may be a result of a mother's interaction with her child.

• all mothers who encourage independence

• roughly one third of infants display a secure attachment

• infants with insecure attachments are more likely to explore their surroundings.

The research conducted by Diana Baumrind showed that

• parenting styles seem to be correlated with later social competence

• parenting styles seem to have no impact on later social competence

• children of authoritarian parents tend to have greater social skill and self esteem.

• parents who use a permissive style raise children with high self esteem and self reliance.

• parenting styles cause certain childhood outcomes that can be predicted.

The studies on deprivation of attachment showed that

• babies raised in abusive or neglectful homes are more bold, verbal and stubborn.

• monkeys raised in isolation were more likely to mate frequently when with other monkeys.

• intelligence scores were lower and anxiety symptoms were higher.

• most children raised in abusive homes grow up to become violent criminals and abusive parents

• children who have survived wartime atrocities or physical abuse are more likely to show physical resilience and resistance to substance abuse and other health problems.

the communication of gender identity through behavior or appearance

• gender expression

• gender typing

• gender schema

• gender identity

• gender role

the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

• gender expression

• gender typing

• gender schema

• gender identity

• gender role

a person's sense of being male or female

• gender expression

• gender typing

• gender schema

• gender identity

• gender role

a set of expected behaviors for males or females

• gender expression

• gender typing

• gender schema

• gender identity

• gender role

Justin age 5 does as his kindergarten teacher asks bc he is afraid to get into trouble

• Preconventional

• Conventional

• Postconventional