Cognition & Language

a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. 

•  implicit memory
• echoic memory
• sensory memory
• flashbulb memory

the retention of encoded information over time. 

• memory 
•  storage
• imagery 
• recall

a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test. 

• recall 
• memory 
• rehearsal
• recognition

the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage. 

• rehearsal
• retrieval
• relearning
• recall

a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory. 

• iconic memory
• working memory
• echoic memory
•  implicit memory

the process of getting information out of memory storage. 

• recall 
• rehearsal
• priming
• retrieval

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. 

• echoic memory
• sensory memory
• working memory
• short term memory

the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. 

• proactive interference 
• retroactive interference
• serial position effect 
• spacing effect

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. 

• short-term memory
• sensory memory 
• long-term memory
• iconic memory

the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response. 

•  memory
• encoding
•  priming
• chunking