Social Studies #3

These reforms were instituted by —

• governors during the colonial era

• Reconstruction governments after the Civil War

• Patriots during the American Revolution

• revivalists after the Second Great Awakening

What was the purpose and effect of grandfather clauses, poll taxes, and literacy tests imposed in the South after Reconstruction?

• to keep public facilities segregated

• to limit African American voting rights

• to shut down the sharecropping system

• to support American Indian reservations

“Black Codes” were laws and constitutional amendments passed by Southern states after the Civil War. In North Carolina, for example, the code enacted in 1866 allowed a black person to testify in court if the case involved African Americans; if the case involved two white people, then both had to agree to allow a black person to testify. If one black person sold property worth more than ten dollars to another black person, the transaction had to be witnessed by a white person who could read or write.

What best explains the reason why codes like this were enacted in Southern states?

• to maintain the control of whites over African Americans

• to guide newly freed slaves as they gained experience as citizens

• to ensure that African Americans had the same legal rights as whites

• to meet federal standards on civil rights required for rejoining the Union

After the Civil War, southern states adopted Black Codes to —

• punish plantation owners for the use of slavery

• support Radical Reconstruction objectives in the South

• promote the activities of the Freedmen’s Bureau

• limit the impact of the Thirteenth Amendment

As a result of passage of the Homestead Act—

• developers were given money to buy railroads.

• farmers were given access to agricultural colleges.

• settlers in new territories were allowed to rule by popular sovereignty.

• people from diverse backgrounds were motivated to migrate westward.

Which of the following effects did passage of the Dawes Act have on American Indians?

• It affirmed their way of life.

• It disrupted their way of life.

• It created more jobs on reservations.

• It provided better lands for reservations.

The Morrill Act of 1862 provided each state with 30,000 acres of federal land for each member in its Congressional delegation. The states were required to use the land or proceeds from the sale of the land for what purpose?

• providing support for newly freed slaves

• establishing agricultural and mechanical colleges

• raising and supplying regiments for the Union army

• offering incentives for entrepreneurs to start factories

Why was the Dawes Act destructive to the cultures of American Indian tribes?

• It limited economic opportunities of American Indians by requiring citizenship for employment.

• It forced ownership of Indian lands among individual members, disrupting their tribal way of life.

• It allowed white settlers to acquire tribal lands with only a small fee paid to the federal government.

• It required individual American Indians to register for taxation but did not extend citizenship or voting rights.

How did many southern state governments respond to the efforts of Reconstruction to recognize new freedoms for African Americans?

• Several state governments re-introduced the international slavery trade.

• Several state governments passed laws to limit the opportunities of African Americans.

• Several state governments recalled national legislators and again proposed secession.

• Several state governments introduced constitutional amendments to expand citizenship and voting rights to African Americans.

Use the list below to answer the question that follows.

Legislation of the Radical Reconstruction Congress

• Civil Rights Act of 1866 • Reconstruction Act of 1867

• Habeas Corpus Act of 1867

• Fourteenth Amendment

Which statement best explains how this legislation could be considered successful?

• It reduced racial tensions throughout the former states of the Confederacy.

• It guaranteed that rights would continue to be enjoyed equally by all citizens.

• It left all groups that it affected satisfied with how problems had been addressed.

• It created standards for the protection of rights and led to restoration of the Union.